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Shloka 31

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

युधन्वोवाच यां रात्रिमधिविन्ना स्त्री यां चैवाक्षपराजित: । यां च भाराभिततप्ताड़्े दुर्विवक्ता सम तां वसेत्‌

sudhanvovāca yāṁ rātrim adhivinnā strī yāṁ caivākṣaparājitaḥ | yāṁ ca bhārābhitatapto durvivaktā sama tāṁ vaset ||

সুধন্বাই ক’লে— “অন্যায় পাই ত্যাজ্য হোৱা স্ত্ৰীয়ে যি ৰাতি ভোগে; পাশাত পৰাজিত জুৱাৰীয়ে যি ৰাতি কটায়; আৰু ভাৰ বহি দেহ দগ্ধ হোৱা মানুহে যি ৰাতি সহে—সেই একে ৰাতি অন্যায় কথা কোৱা আৰু বিকৃত ৰায় দিয়া দুষ্ট বক্তাইও ভোগে।”

सुधन्वाSudhanvan (name)
सुधन्वा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुधन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
याम्which
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रात्रिम्night
रात्रिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अधिविन्नाmarried over / superseded (by another wife)
अधिविन्ना:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअधि-विद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
स्त्रीwoman, wife
स्त्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
याम्which
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अक्ष-पराजितःone defeated at dice
अक्ष-पराजितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षपराजित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
याम्which
याम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भार-अभिततप्ताङ्गःone whose limbs are sore from carrying loads
भार-अभिततप्ताङ्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाराभिततप्ताङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्विवक्ताa bad/false speaker (one who speaks wrongly)
दुर्विवक्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्विवक्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाम्same
समाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वसेत्would dwell / would pass (the night)
वसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormOptative, 3, Singular

प्रह्माद उवाच

S
Sudhanvan
A
a wronged woman (adhivinnā strī)
A
a gambler defeated at dice (akṣaparājita)
A
a burden-bearer (bhārābhitatapta)

Educational Q&A

Unjust speech—especially speech that twists judgment—creates an inner suffering comparable to humiliation, ruin, and bodily torment. The verse warns that ethical failure in advocacy or decision-making is not merely social harm but a personal moral affliction.

Sudhanvan uses three vivid analogies (a wronged woman’s anguish, a gambler’s despair after losing, and a porter’s bodily pain) to describe the mental state of a person who argues falsely or gives inverted justice, emphasizing the psychological and moral cost of adharma.