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Shloka 56

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

अविजित्य य आत्मानममात्यान्‌ विजिगीषते । अमित्रान्‌ वाजितामात्य: सोडवश: परिहीयते,इन्द्रियोंसहित मनको जीते बिना ही जो मन्त्रियोंको जीतनेकी इच्छा करता है या मन्त्रियोंको अपने अधीन किये बिना शत्रुको जीतना चाहता है, उस अजितेन्द्रिय पुरुषको सब लोग त्याग देते हैं

avijitya ya ātmānam amātyān vijigīṣate | amitrān vā ajitāmātyaḥ so 'vaśaḥ parihīyate ||

যি ব্যক্তি প্ৰথমে নিজকে জয় নকৰাকৈয়ে মন্ত্ৰীসকলক বশ কৰিব খোজে, অথবা মন্ত্ৰীসকলক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ নকৰাকৈয়ে শত্ৰুক জয় কৰিবলৈ উদ্যত হয়—সেই অজিতেন্দ্ৰিয় মানুহ অসহায় হৈ বিনষ্ট হয় আৰু সকলোৱে তাক ত্যাগ কৰে।

अविजित्यwithout conquering
अविजित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि√जि (जि) + अवि- (निषेध) (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), कर्तरि, non-finite
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मानम्oneself
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमात्यान्ministers/counsellors
अमात्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विजिगीषतेwishes to conquer
विजिगीषते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि√जि (जि) (Desiderative: जिगीष) + आ. (आत्मनेपद)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, Third, Singular
अमित्रान्enemies
अमित्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अजितामात्यःone whose ministers are unconquered (i.e., not brought under control)
अजितामात्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजित + अमात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवशःhelpless/without control
अवशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिहीयतेis abandoned/left behind
परिहीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि√हा (हा) (passive)
Formलट्, कर्मणि (passive), Third, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
Ā
ātmā (self)
A
amātya (ministers/counsellors)
A
amitra (enemies)

Educational Q&A

Effective rule and victory begin with self-mastery. Without conquering one’s own impulses and disciplining one’s inner life, attempts to control ministers or defeat enemies collapse; such a leader loses support and falls into helpless decline.

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he lays down a principle of political and ethical governance: a king must first govern himself, then his administration (ministers), and only then can he hope to prevail over external foes.