Shloka 12

जित्वा वै क्षत्रियान्‌ सर्वन्‌ ब्राह्मणेषु प्रतिश्रुता । ब्राह्मण: क्षत्रियो वैश्य: शूद्रश्नेव रणे यदि

jitvā vai kṣatriyān sarvān brāhmaṇeṣu pratiśrutā | brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyaḥ śūdraś caiva raṇe yadi ||

ভীষ্ম ক’লে—“সকলো ক্ষত্ৰিয়ক জয় কৰি মানুহে ব্ৰাহ্মণসকলৰ সন্মুখত কৰা প্ৰতিজ্ঞাত আবদ্ধ হয়। কিয়নো ৰণত, পৰীক্ষাৰ ক্ষণ আহিলে—সেয়া ব্ৰাহ্মণ হওক, ক্ষত্ৰিয় হওক, বৈশ্য হওক বা শূদ্ৰ হওক—ব্ৰতবচনৰ বন্ধন আৰু কৰ্মফল অটল থাকে।”

जित्वाhaving conquered
जित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
क्षत्रियान्Kshatriyas
क्षत्रियान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
ब्राह्मणेषुamong/with the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, locative, plural
प्रतिश्रुताpromised (undertaken)
प्रतिश्रुता:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिश्रु (धातु) / प्रतिश्रुति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्त (past passive participle), feminine, nominative, singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वैश्यःa Vaishya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formneuter, locative, singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa
K
kṣatriya
V
vaiśya
Ś
śūdra
R
raṇa (battle)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the binding force of a pledge (pratiśruti), especially one made in the presence of brāhmaṇas, and implies that ethical accountability in war is not erased by status: one’s word and deeds carry consequences regardless of varṇa.

Bhīṣma is speaking within the Udyoga Parva’s deliberations on conduct and policy before the great war, invoking the authority of vows and the moral weight of commitments made before respected witnesses (brāhmaṇas), while framing the battlefield as a setting where duty and accountability are tested.