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Shloka 13

Atithi’s Direction to the Nāga-sage Padma at Naimiṣa (अतिथ्युपदेशः—नैमिषे पद्मनागोपाख्यानप्रस्तावः)

न हांते मन्त्राणां हवनमस्ति न विना पुरुषं तपः सम्भवति | हविर्मन्त्राणां सम्पूजा विद्यते देवमानुष-ऋषीणामनेन त्वं होतेति नियुक्त: | ये च मानुष-होत्राधिकारास्ते च ब्राह्मणस्य हि याजनं विधीयते न क्षत्रवैश्ययोर्दधिजात्योस्तस्माद्‌ ब्राह्मणा हाग्निभूता यज्ञानुद्तन्ति । यज्ञास्ते देवांस्तर्पयन्ति देवा: पृथिवीं भावयन्ति शतपथेडपि हि ब्राह्मणमुखे भवति

na hānte mantrāṇāṁ havanam asti na vinā puruṣaṁ tapaḥ sambhavati | havirmantrāṇāṁ sampūjā vidyate devamānuṣa-ṛṣīṇām anena tvaṁ hoteti niyuktaḥ | ye ca mānuṣa-hotṛ-adhikārās te ca brāhmaṇasya hi yājanaṁ vidhīyate na kṣatravaiśyayoḥ dvijātyos tasmād brāhmaṇā hāgnibhūtā yajñān udvahanti | yajñās te devāṁs tarpayanti devāḥ pṛthivīṁ bhāvayanti śatapathenāpi hi brāhmaṇamukhe bhavati |

অৰ্জুনে ক’লে— মন্ত্র নোহোৱাকৈ হৱন নহয়, আৰু পুৰুষ নোহোৱাকৈ তপস্যা সিদ্ধ নহয়। হৱিষ্যসহ মন্ত্রৰ দ্বাৰা দেৱতা, মানুহ আৰু ঋষিসকলৰ সম্যক পূজা সম্পন্ন হয়; সেয়ে হে অগ্নিদেৱ! তোমাক হোতা ৰূপে নিযুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। মানুহৰ মাজত হোতৃ-অধিকাৰ কেৱল ব্ৰাহ্মণৰ; কিয়নো যজ্ঞ কৰোৱাৰ বিধান তেওঁৰ বাবেই। ক্ষত্ৰিয় আৰু বৈশ্য দ্বিজ হ’লেও হোতৃত্বত অধিকৃত নহয়; সেয়ে অগ্নিস্বৰূপ ব্ৰাহ্মণসকলে যজ্ঞৰ ভাৰ বহন কৰে। সেই যজ্ঞে দেৱতাসকল তৃপ্ত হয়, আৰু দেৱতাসকলৰ দ্বাৰা পৃথিৱী সমৃদ্ধিত পুষ্ট হয়। শতপথ ব্ৰাহ্মণতো ব্ৰাহ্মণৰ মুখত আহুতি দিয়া বুলি উল্লেখ আছে।

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
indeed
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्तेat the end
अन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
मन्त्राणाम्of mantras
मन्त्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
हवनम्oblation/offering (homa)
हवनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहवन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विनाwithout
विना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना
पुरुषम्a person/man
पुरुषम्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity/penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सम्भवतिis possible/arises
सम्भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+भू
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
हविःoblation (ghee etc.)
हविः:
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मन्त्राणाम्of mantras
मन्त्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सम्पूजाcomplete worship
सम्पूजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्पूजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विद्यतेis found/exists
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
देवof gods
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मानुषof humans
मानुष:
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
ऋषीणाम्of sages
ऋषीणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अनेनby this/with this
अनेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
होताHotṛ priest
होता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
नियुक्तःappointed/assigned
नियुक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि+युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मानुषhuman (among men)
मानुष:
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
होत्रof the Hotṛ-function/priesthood
होत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootहोत्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अधिकाराःentitled persons/rights
अधिकाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधिकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
also
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
याजनम्officiating at sacrifice (for others)
याजनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयाजन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विधीयतेis prescribed/ordained
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+धा
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Passive, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रof the Kshatriya
क्षत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
वैश्ययोःand of the Vaishya
वैश्ययोः:
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Dual
द्विजात्योःof the two twice-born classes
द्विजात्योः:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormFeminine, Genitive, Dual
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अग्निfire
अग्नि:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूताःhaving become/being
भूताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभू
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, kta (past participle)
यज्ञान्sacrifices
यज्ञान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उद्वहन्तिcarry/bear (the burden of)
उद्वहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्+वह्
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
यज्ञाःsacrifices
यज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवान्the gods
देवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तर्पयन्तिsatisfy/propitiate
तर्पयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतृप्
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada, Causative
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथिवीम्the earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
भावयन्तिnourish/make prosper
भावयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada, Causative
शतपथेin the Śatapatha (Brāhmaṇa)
शतपथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशतपथ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
ब्राह्मणof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मण:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मुखेin the mouth
मुखे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भवतिis/occurs
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
A
Agni (Fire-god)
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
Ṛṣis
D
Devas
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
Ś
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa
H
Hotṛ (priestly office)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)
M
Mantras
H
Havis (oblation)

Educational Q&A

Ritual efficacy depends on both sacred speech (mantra) and a qualified human agent; within the varṇa-based dharma framework presented here, priestly officiation (hotṛ/yājana) is assigned to Brāhmaṇas, and sacrifice is portrayed as sustaining a reciprocal order: humans nourish gods through yajña, and gods sustain the earth’s prosperity.

Arjuna explains the logic of Vedic sacrifice: mantras and offerings constitute worship of gods, humans, and seers; Agni is appointed as the Hotṛ’s medium; and the human officiant role is restricted to Brāhmaṇas. He supports the point by invoking a Vedic authority (Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa) and concludes with the cosmic economy where yajña pleases the gods and the gods make the earth flourish.