Shloka 46

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

नित्यं दानं तथा दाक्ष्यमार्जवं चैव नित्यदा । उत्साहो5थानहंकार: परमं सौहृदं क्षमा

Transliteration

śakra uvāca | nityaṁ dānaṁ tathā dākṣyam ārjavaṁ caiva nityadā | utsāho ’thānahaṅkāraḥ paramaṁ sauhṛdaṁ kṣamā prabho ||

Translation

শক্ৰে ক’লে—প্ৰভু! তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত নিত্য দান, কাৰ্যদক্ষতা আৰু অচল সৰলতা; তদ্ৰূপ স্থিৰ উদ্যম, অহংকাৰশূন্যতা, পৰম সৌহাৰ্দ্য আৰু ক্ষমা—এই সদ্‌গুণসমূহ সদায় বিদ্যমান আছিল।

Word by Word

• {'śakraḥ': 'Indra, lord of the gods', 'uvāca': 'said', 'nityam / nityadā': 'always, continually', 'dānam': 'giving, charity, generosity', 'tathā': 'and also, likewise', 'dākṣyam': 'skill, competence, practical efficiency', 'ārjavam': 'straightforwardness, honesty, simplicity', 'ca eva': 'and indeed', 'utsāhaḥ': 'energy, zeal, initiative', 'atha': 'then/also (connecting particle)', 'anahaṅkāraḥ': 'absence of ego

• humility (lit. ‘without I-making’)', 'paramam': 'supreme, highest', 'sauhṛdam': 'friendliness, goodwill, cordiality', 'kṣamā': 'forbearance, patience, forgiveness', 'prabho': 'O lord, O master (vocative)'}

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Prabhu (addressed lord; addressee not named in this verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents a compact catalogue of dharmic virtues—generosity, competence, straightforwardness, energetic effort, humility, goodwill, and forgiveness—implying that true excellence is sustained character, not occasional acts.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) speaks in praise, listing the enduring qualities found in the person(s) under discussion, framing them as exemplary models of righteous conduct within the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva.