Shloka 1

ऑपन--माज बक। अकाल चतुर्नवतितमो< ध्याय: शल्यके द्वारा रणभूमिका दिग्दर्शन, कौरव-सेनाका पलायन और श्रीकृष्ण तथा अर्जुनका शिविरकी ओर गमन संजय उवाच दृष्टवा तु सैन्यं परिवर्त्यमानं पुत्रेण ते मद्रपतिस्तदानीम्‌ । संत्रस्तरूप: परिमूढचेता दुर्योधनं वाक्यमिदं बभाषे,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! आपके पुत्रद्वारा सेनाको पुनः लौटानेका प्रयत्न होता देख उस समय भयभीत और मूढ़चित्त हुए मद्रराज शल्यने दुर्योधनसे इस प्रकार कहा

sañjaya uvāca |

dṛṣṭvā tu sainyaṃ parivartyamānaṃ putreṇa te madrapatistadānīm |

santrastarūpaḥ parimūḍhacetā duryodhanaṃ vākyam idaṃ babhāṣe ||

সঞ্জয়ে ক’লে—হে ৰাজন! সেই সময় তোমাৰ পুত্ৰে সেনাক পুনৰ ঘূৰাই আনিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰা দেখি, মদ্ৰাধিপতি শল্য ভয়ত বিচলিত আৰু চিত্তবিভ্ৰান্ত হৈ দুর্যোধনক এই কথা ক’লে।

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada (usage)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सैन्यम्the army
सैन्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परिवर्त्यमानम्being turned back/being made to turn
परिवर्त्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-वृत्
FormPresent passive participle (शानच्/मान), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
पुत्रेणby (your) son
पुत्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तेyour
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form2nd, Genitive, Singular
मद्रपतिःthe king of Madra (Shalya)
मद्रपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
नीम्at that time (particle)
नीम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइदम्
Formenclitic particle in 'तदानीम्' (then/at that time)
सन्त्रस्तरूपःhaving a terrified appearance
सन्त्रस्तरूपः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसन्त्रस्तरूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिमूढचेताbewildered in mind
परिमूढचेता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिमूढचेतस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्योधनम्Duryodhana
दुर्योधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाक्यम्words/speech
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बभाषेspoke
बभाषे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभाष्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Duryodhana
Ś
Śalya (Madrarāja/Madrapati)
K
Kaurava army

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how fear and mental confusion can overtake even powerful leaders in crisis, shaping their counsel and decisions. Ethically, it points to the inner collapse that accompanies adharma: when a cause is unrighteous and fortunes turn, steadiness of mind and clarity of judgment are among the first casualties.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana is trying to rally or turn back the army. Seeing this, Śalya—alarmed and bewildered—begins to speak to Duryodhana, setting up the ensuing dialogue and tactical-moral commentary in the chapter.