Shloka 45
Devanagari script
योधा: सर्वे महाराज तावका: प्राद्रवन् भयात् | महाराज! इस प्रकार जब जगतमें अँधेरा छा गया और भूतलपर धूल-ही-धूल उड़ने लगी, तब आपके समस्त योद्धा भयभीत होकर भाग गये ।। ४४ ई ।। सम्भज्यमाने सैन्ये तु कुरुराजो विशाम्पते
Transliteration
yodhāḥ sarve mahārāja tāvakāḥ prādravan bhayāt |
Translation
সঞ্জয়ে ক’লে—হে মহাৰাজ! আপোনাৰ সকলো যোদ্ধা ভয়ত পলাই গ’ল। সেনা ভাঙি-চুৰমাৰ হ’ব ধৰোঁতে, হে কুরু-ৰাজ, দৃশ্য ভয়ংকৰ হৈ উঠিল।
Word by Word
योधाःwarriors
योधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तावकाःyour (men)
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राद्रवन्ran away / fled
प्राद्रवन्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + द्रु
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
सम्भज्यमानेwhile (it) was being broken/put to rout (i.e., as the army was being shattered)
सम्भज्यमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + भज्
FormPresent passive participle (Śatṛ/Śānac in passive sense; -माने form), Neuter, Locative, Singular
सैन्येin the army
सैन्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
कुरुराजःthe king of the Kurus
कुरुराजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
DhṛtarāṣṭraK
Kaurava warriors (tāvakāḥ yodhāḥ)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how fear and loss of composure can shatter collective strength in war; without steadiness (dhairya) and adherence to kṣatriya resolve, even a large force collapses into disorder.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, amid battlefield confusion—darkness and swirling dust—the Kaurava warriors (the king’s side) became frightened and fled.