Shloka 96

आदि पर्व, अध्याय 67 — गान्धर्वविवाह-समयः

Duḥṣanta–Śakuntalā: Gandharva Marriage and Succession Condition

Devanagari script

दुर्मदो दुष्प्रधर्षश्व विवित्सुर्विकट: सम: । ऊर्णनाभ: पद्मनाभस्तथा नन्दोपनन्दकौ

Transliteration

durmado duṣpradharṣaś ca vivitsur vikaṭaḥ samaḥ | ūrṇanābhaḥ padmanābhas tathā nandopanandakau ||

Translation

বৈশম্পায়নে ক’লে—দুৰ্মদ, দুষ্প্ৰধর্ষ, বিবিত্সু, বিকট, সম; ঊৰ্ণনাভ, পদ্মনাভ; আৰু নন্দ-উপনন্দো আছিল।

Word by Word

दुर्मदःproud/arrogant (one whose pride is excessive)

दुष्प्रधर्षःhard to overpower/assail

चand

विवित्सुःwishing to know/inquire

विकटःformidable/huge/terrible-looking

समःeven/level; impartial

ऊर्णनाभःspider (lit. wool/thread-navel); a name/epithet

पद्मनाभःlotus-naveled; an epithet (of Viṣṇu)

तथाlikewise/also

नन्दNanda (proper name)

उपनन्दकौUpanandaka (two persons named Upanandaka / or Upananda and Nandaka as a dual form in some readings)

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

Durmada

Duṣpradharṣa

Vivitsu

Vikaṭa

Sama

Ūrṇanābha

Padmanābha

Nanda

Upananda

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse functions as part of a genealogical/narrative catalogue, implicitly teaching that the epic’s moral world is populated by many agents; dharma and adharma unfold through networks of people and families, not only a few celebrated protagonists.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana continues enumerating named individuals in sequence, adding several figures (Durmada through Upananda) as part of a larger list in this section of Ādi Parva.