Shloka 3

Āryā-Chandas Lakṣaṇa; Gīti-Bheda; Vaitālīya-Vaktra; Mātrā-to-Varṇa Transition

Devanagari script

ग्मध्ये द्वितुर्यौ जौ चपला मुखपूर्वादिचापला / द्वितीयार्धे सजघना आर्याजातेश्च लक्षणम्

Transliteration

gmadhye dvituryau jau capalā mukhapūrvādicāpalā / dvitīyārdhe sajaghanā āryājāteśca lakṣaṇam

Translation

আৰ্যা ছন্দৰ মধ্যভাগত যদি দুটা তুৰ্য আৰু দুটা ‘জ’‑গণ থাকে, তেন্তে তাক ‘চপলা’ (দ্ৰুতগতি) বোলা হয়। আৰু দ্বিতীয়াৰ্ধত ‘সজঘনা’ লক্ষণ থাকাই আৰ্যাজাতিৰ চিহ্ন।

Word by Word

• ग्मध्ये: in the middle
• ग्मध्ये: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘मध्ये’ = in the middle

• द्वितुर्यौ: the two ‘turyas’ (two turyas)
• द्वितुर्यौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + तुर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; द्विगुसमासः (द्वि+तुर्य)

• जौ: the two ‘ja’ (jau)
• जौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन

• चपला: capalā (name/term)
• चपला: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चपल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण

• मुखपूर्वादि: (those) beginning with mukha and pūrva etc.
• मुखपूर्वादि: Sambandha (Genitival/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुख (प्रातिपदिक) + पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; समाहार/समुच्चयार्थक तत्पुरुषः (‘mukha-pūrva-ādi’ = beginning with mukha and pūrva etc.)

• चापला: Capalā (a metrical type/name)
• चापला: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चपल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘चपला’ इति नाम

• द्वितीयार्धे: in the second half
• द्वितीयार्धे: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘second half’)

• सजघना: having (the) jaghana (term/name)
• सजघना: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स- (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद) + जघन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (‘with jaghana/hips’)

• आर्याजातेः: of the Āryā metre-class
• आर्याजातेः: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्या (प्रातिपदिक) + जाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘of the āryā-jāti’)

• च: and
• च: Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• लक्षणम्: characteristic/definition
• लक्षणम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Lakṣaṇa (defining marks) and bheda (classification) of Āryā-jāti and capalā by internal gaṇa/mātrā structure.

Vedantic Theme: Viveka (discernment) through precise definition; śāstra as pramāṇa for ordered knowledge.

Application: Use the stated markers (turyas, ja-groups, second-half feature) to identify and compose Āryā-jāti/capalā verses accurately.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.208.4-7 (continuation of Āryā-jāti subtypes and lakṣaṇas)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of āryā-jāti lakṣaṇa in Garuda Purana?

This verse gives a technical definition used to classify verses by metre (āryā-jāti), helping preserve correct recitation, transmission, and textual accuracy.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not discuss afterlife doctrine here; instead, it shifts to a technical, instructional section on metrical classification (chandas) within the text’s broader encyclopedic scope.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use these markers (turyā/ja-gaṇa placement and second-half structure) to verify metre while chanting or editing manuscripts, improving pronunciation rhythm and reducing textual corruption.