Shloka 25
Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras
Tense–Mood System
दातोरॢङ् क्रियातिपत्तौ लिङर्थे लेट् प्रकीर्तितः / कृतस्त्रिष्वपि वर्तन्ते भावे कर्मणि कर्तरि
dātorḷṅ kriyātipattau liṅarthe leṭ prakīrtitaḥ / kṛtastriṣvapi vartante bhāve karmaṇi kartari
ঘটিব পাৰিলেহেঁতেন কিন্তু নঘটিল—এনে ‘ক্ৰিয়াতিপত্তি’ অৰ্থত ধাতুৰ পৰা ‘ঌঙ্’ হয়; আৰু ‘লিঙ্’ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশক ‘লেট্’ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে। তদ্ৰূপ ‘কৃত্’ প্ৰত্যয়ান্ত ৰূপসমূহ ভাব, কৰ্ম আৰু কৰ্তা—তিনিও প্ৰয়োগত চলি থাকে।
Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Modality and voice/valency: conditional (counterfactual), injunctive/optative force, and participial derivatives functioning in bhāva/karma/kartṛ constructions.
Vedantic Theme: Analytic discrimination (viveka) applied to language: separating action, agent, and object—supporting clarity of thought.
Application: In translation and exegesis, identify whether a kṛt-form is agentive, objective, or abstract; recognize counterfactual conditionals in narrative reasoning.
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: adbhuta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205.21-24 (lakāra system leading to ḷṅ/leṭ and kṛt usage)
FAQs
This verse frames how to read and construe statements correctly: ḷṅ signals counterfactual/“would have” meanings, and leṭ can carry liṅ-like optative force—preventing misinterpretation during study or ritual recitation.
Indirectly: it does not describe afterlife geography here, but it gives interpretive tools (moods and kṛt-forms) needed to understand later doctrinal passages about karma, rites, and post-death states with grammatical precision.
When studying or chanting the Garuda Purana (especially for death rites and śrāddha contexts), use this rule to parse meanings accurately—distinguishing advice/possibility (liṅ/leṭ) from counterfactual statements (ḷṅ), and recognizing whether a kṛt-form points to the act, the object, or the doer.