Shloka 24
Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras
Tense–Mood System
लिङतीते परोक्षे स्याल्लिड् भूते ऌड् भविष्यति / स्यादनद्यतने तद्वद्भविष्यति तु धातुतः
liṅatīte parokṣe syālliḍ bhūte ḷḍ bhaviṣyati / syādanadyatane tadvadbhaviṣyati tu dhātutaḥ
যি অতীত কৰ্ম প্ৰত্যক্ষ দেখা নহয়, তাত ‘লিঙ্’ হয়; ভূত (সম্পূৰ্ণ ভূত) অৰ্থত ‘লিট্’ হয়; আৰু ভবিষ্যতে ‘ঌট্’ হয়। তদ্ৰূপ ‘আজি’ত সীমাবদ্ধ নহোৱা প্ৰসঙ্গতো ধাতুৰ সামৰ্থ্য অনুসাৰে ভবিষ্যৎ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ পায়।
Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Epistemic distance and time: parokṣa past (liṅ), perfect (liṭ), future (ḷṭ), and non-immediate temporal framing.
Vedantic Theme: Relation between knowledge-mode (seen/unseen) and expression; careful speech mirrors careful cognition.
Application: When narrating hearsay/indirectly known events, use appropriate mood; distinguish perfect vs future forms in interpretation.
Primary Rasa: shanta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205.22 (laṅ for non-today past); Garuda Purana 1.205.25 (conditional ḷṅ; kṛt usages)
FAQs
This verse states that liṅ is used for indirectly known past events (parokṣa), helping readers interpret narrative statements and injunction-like expressions accurately.
It distinguishes indirect past (liṅ), completed past (liṭ), and future expression (ḷṭ), and notes that ‘non-immediate’ time (anadyatana) future usage depends on the verbal root.
When studying or chanting, recognize whether a line is describing an unseen past, a completed event, or a future result—this improves accurate understanding of doctrine and ritual instructions.