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Shloka 4

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

दशभिर्गुणैः संक्षोम्यं चेतो नयति चाक्रियम् / आद्ये मदे द्वितीये ऽपि प्रम (मो) दायतने स्थितः

Transliteration

daśabhirguṇaiḥ saṃkṣomyaṃ ceto nayati cākriyam / ādye made dvitīye 'pi prama (mo) dāyatane sthitaḥ

Translation

ইন্দ্ৰিয়ৰ দহ গুণে ক্ষুব্ধ চিত্ত চঞ্চল হৈ বিবেককাৰ্যত অক্রিয় হয়। প্ৰথম অৱস্থাত সি মদত থাকে; দ্বিতীয়তেও সি প্ৰমোদ আৰু আসক্তিৰ আসনতেই আবদ্ধ থাকে।

Word by Word
दशभिःwith ten
दशभिः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषण
गुणैःby qualities
गुणैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; करण
संक्षोम्यम्agitated / to be disturbed
संक्षोम्यम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसं + √क्षुभ् (धातु) → संक्षोम्य (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावे/विशेषणरूपे — 'to be agitated/that which is agitated'
चेतःmind
चेतः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; here as कर्म (object) of नयति
नयतिleads / brings
नयति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√नी (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)
अक्रियम्inactive
अक्रियम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + क्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; 'inactive' (as predicate/object complement)
आद्येin the first
आद्ये:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेषण of मदे
मदेin intoxication (stage)
मदे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; अधिकरण
द्वितीयेin the second
द्वितीये:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेषण of (मदे) understood
अपिalso / even
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थ (also/even)
प्रमोदायतनेin the abode of delight
प्रमोदायतने:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमोद + आयतन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (प्रमोदस्य आयतनम्) — 'abode of delight'
स्थितःsituated / abiding
स्थितः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√स्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Sense-qualities agitate the mind; intoxication and delight-seat (attachment) render it inactive in discrimination.

Vedantic Theme: Antahkarana-vikshepa (mental distraction) obstructs viveka; rajas/tamas overpower sattva leading to pramada.

Application: Practice sense-restraint (indriya-nigraha), mindful consumption, and routines that stabilize attention (japa, pranayama, satvic diet).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana discourse on mada/pramada and progressive mental decline across ‘states’ of intoxication

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
V
Vishnu
I
Indriyas (sense-faculties)

FAQs

This verse portrays the mind as easily shaken by the ten sense-factors, leading to loss of discrimination; sense-restraint is therefore essential for dharmic living and spiritual clarity.

It describes a progression where sensory agitation makes the mind ‘inactive’ in right judgment, then it settles into mada (intoxication/pride) and pramoda (pleasure-attachment), reinforcing bondage.

Practice daily sense-discipline—moderation in food, speech, and media—so the mind stays steady, avoids prideful intoxication, and does not become trapped in pleasure-seeking habits.

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