Shloka 1

Roganidāna: Definitions, Fivefold Diagnostic Method, and Doṣa-wise Causes

Devanagari script

नाम पञ्चचत्वारिंशदुत्तरशततमो ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरिरुवाच / सर्वरोगनिदानञ्च वक्ष्ये सुश्रुत तत्त्वतः / आत्रेयाद्यैर्मुनिवरैर्यथा पूर्वमुदीरितम्

Transliteration

nāma pañcacatvāriṃśaduttaraśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantariruvāca / sarvaroganidānañca vakṣye suśruta tattvataḥ / ātreyādyairmunivarairyathā pūrvamudīritam

Translation

এই অংশৰ একশ ছিয়াল্লিশতম অধ্যায়ৰ নাম এইদৰে। ধন্বন্তৰিয়ে ক’লে—হে সুশ্ৰুত, সত্য অনুসাৰে সকলো ৰোগৰ নিদান আৰু নিৰ্ণয়ৰ আধাৰ মই বৰ্ণনা কৰিম, যেনেকৈ পূৰ্বে আত্রেয় আদি শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মুনিসকলে উপদেশ দিছিল।

Word by Word

• nāma: (as) the title/namely
• nāma: Sambandha (Discourse marker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (particle/marker) — अध्यायशीर्षकसूचकः

• pañca-catvāriṃśat-uttara-śata-tamaḥ: the 145th (one hundred plus forty-five)
• pañca-catvāriṃśat-uttara-śata-tamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pañca (संख्या) + catvāriṃśat (संख्या) + uttara (प्रातिपदिक) + śata (संख्या) + tama (तद्धित प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषणम् (ordinal) — ‘शतस्य पञ्चचत्वारिंशदुत्तरः’ इति समासार्थः

• śatatamaḥ: the hundredth (ordinal element)
• śatatamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śata (संख्या) + tama (तद्धित)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषणम् (ordinal)

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• dhanvantariḥ: Dhanvantari
• dhanvantariḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhanvantari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriya (Main verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• sarva-roga-nidānam: the causes of all diseases
• sarva-roga-nidānam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + roga (प्रातिपदिक) + nidāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मपदम्

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• vakṣye: I shall explain
• vakṣye: Kriya (Main verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• suśruta: O Suśruta
• suśruta: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suśruta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन

• tattvataḥ: truly; in accordance with reality
• tattvataḥ: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tattva (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तद्धित/अव्ययीभावार्थ)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) — ‘तत्त्वेन/यथार्थतः’

• ātreya-ādyaiḥ: by Ātreya and others
• ātreya-ādyaiḥ: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātreya (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; ‘आत्रेयादयः’ इत्यस्य करण/सहकारक-प्रयोगः

• muni-varaiḥ: by the best sages
• muni-varaiḥ: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक) + vara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः—‘श्रेष्ठा मुनयः’

• yathā: as; just as
• yathā: Sambandha (Comparative linker/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb/conjunction) — ‘यथा…तथा’ प्रकारे

• pūrvam: formerly; earlier
• pūrvam: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) — ‘पूर्वकाले’

• udīritam: was stated/uttered
• udīritam: Kriya (Predicate participle/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√īr (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘उदीरित’ = उक्तम्

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Valid knowledge (tattvataḥ) arises through faithful transmission and systematic explanation of causes (nidāna) and diagnosis.

Vedantic Theme: Pramāṇa and paramparā: reliable knowledge is preserved through guru–śiṣya lineage; discernment (viveka) begins with correct causality.

Application: Approach illness (and problems generally) by learning causes and diagnostic principles from trusted sources; avoid guesswork; document observations.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana, sections attributed to Dhanvantari/Āyurveda (nidāna, cikitsā, doṣa discussions)

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari
• Sushruta
• Atreya

FAQs

What is the importance of sarva-roga-nidāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse introduces a systematic explanation of the causes and diagnostic foundations of diseases, framing the chapter as an authoritative Ayurvedic teaching lineage (Atreya → sages → Dhanvantari).

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not address the soul’s journey here; it opens a health-focused discourse, showing that the Garuda Purana also preserves practical śāstra on bodily well-being alongside spiritual themes.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder to seek root-cause understanding (nidāna) rather than only symptom relief, and to value disciplined, lineage-based medical knowledge and careful diagnosis.