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Shloka 20

Varṇāśrama-Dharma and the Thirty Qualities of a Human Being

ऋतामृताभ्यां जीवेत मृतेन प्रमृतेन वा । सत्यानृताभ्यामपि वा न श्ववृत्त्या कदाचन ॥ १८ ॥ ऋतमुञ्छशिलं प्रोक्तममृतं यदयाचितम् । मृतं तु नित्ययाच्ञा स्यात्प्रमृतं कर्षणं स्मृतम् ॥ १९ ॥ सत्यानृतं च वाणिज्यं श्ववृत्तिर्नीचसेवनम् । वर्जयेत्तां सदा विप्रो राजन्यश्च जुगुप्सिताम् । सर्ववेदमयो विप्र: सर्वदेवमयो नृप: ॥ २० ॥

ṛtāmṛtābhyāṁ jīveta mṛtena pramṛtena vā satyānṛtābhyām api vā na śva-vṛttyā kadācana

বাণিজ্যক ‘সত্যানৃত’ বোলা হয়; নীচ লোকৰ সেৱা ‘শ্ববৃত্তি’। এই ঘৃণিত বৃত্তি ব্রাহ্মণ আৰু ক্ষত্ৰিয় সদায় বর্জন কৰক; ব্রাহ্মণ হোক সৰ্ববেদজ্ঞ, আৰু ৰজা হোক দেৱপূজাত নিপুণ।

सत्यानृतम्satya-and-anṛta (mixed truth and falsehood)
सत्यानृतम्:
कर्ता/विषय (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य + अनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वन्द्वसमास (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व)
and
:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
वाणिज्यम्trade/commerce
वाणिज्यम्:
विधेय (Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootवाणिज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-नाम
श्ववृत्तिःdog-like livelihood (servile service)
श्ववृत्तिः:
कर्ता/विषय (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्ववृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: श्वनः वृत्तिः
नीचसेवनम्service of low persons; base service
नीचसेवनम्:
विधेय (Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootनीच + सेवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भाव: नीचानां सेवनम् / नीचं सेवनम्
वर्जयेत्should avoid
वर्जयेत्:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवृज्/वर्ज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
ताम्that (one)
ताम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; ‘जुगुप्सिताम्’ इत्यस्य निर्देश
सदाalways
सदा:
अधिकरण (Time/कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
विप्रःa brāhmaṇa
विप्रः:
कर्ता (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन
राजन्यःa kṣatriya (royal)
राजन्यः:
कर्ता (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
and
:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
जुगुप्सिताम्despised; reprehensible
जुगुप्सिताम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootजुगुप्सित (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle/क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘ताम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
सर्ववेदमयःconsisting of all the Vedas
सर्ववेदमयः:
विधेय-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व + वेद + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: सर्वेषां वेदानां मयः (consisting of all Vedas)
विप्रःthe brāhmaṇa
विप्रः:
कर्ता/विषय (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
सर्वदेवमयःconsisting of all the gods
सर्वदेवमयः:
विधेय-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व + देव + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: सर्वेषां देवानां मयः (consisting of all gods)
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
कर्ता/विषय (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनृप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

As stated in Bhagavad-gītā (4.13) , cātur-varṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭaṁ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ: the four divisions of human society were created by the Supreme Lord according to the three modes of material nature and the work ascribed to them. Formerly, the principle of dividing human society into four sections — brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya and śūdra — was strictly followed, but because of gradual neglect of the varṇāśrama principles, varṇa-saṅkara population developed, and the entire institution has now been lost. In this Age of Kali, practically everyone is a śūdra ( kalau śūdra-sambhavāḥ ), and finding anyone who is a brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya or vaiśya is very difficult. Although the Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement is a movement of brāhmaṇas and Vaiṣṇavas, it is trying to reestablish the divine varṇāśrama institution, for without this division of society there cannot be peace and prosperity anywhere.

P
Prahlāda
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (addressed as Rājan)

FAQs

This verse says a brāhmaṇa may accept several graded means of livelihood (ṛta, amṛta, mṛta, pramṛta, or satyānṛta), but should never take up śvavṛtti—degrading, dog-like dependence.

In Canto 7, Prahlāda instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on varṇāśrama-dharma, including ethical standards for each social order, to guide righteous governance and spiritual culture.

Choose work that preserves integrity and self-respect, avoids exploitative servility, and supports spiritual principles—rather than compromising values for survival.