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Shloka 42

Nārāyaṇa’s Impartiality, Absorption in Kṛṣṇa, and the Jaya–Vijaya Descent

Prelude to Prahlāda’s History

हिरण्यकशिपु: पुत्रं प्रह्लादं केशवप्रियम् । जिघांसुरकरोन्नाना यातना मृत्युहेतवे ॥ ४२ ॥

hiraṇyakaśipuḥ putraṁ prahlādaṁ keśava-priyam jighāṁsur akaron nānā yātanā mṛtyu-hetave

কেশৱপ্ৰিয় ভক্তপুত্ৰ প্ৰহ্লাদক হত্যা কৰিবলৈ ইচ্ছা কৰি হিৰণ্যকশিপুৱে তেওঁক নানা ধৰণে যাতনা দিলে।

हिरण्यकशिपुःHiraṇyakaśipu
हिरण्यकशिपुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्यकशिपु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन
प्रह्लादम्Prahlāda
प्रह्लादम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रह्लाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
केशव-प्रियम्dear to Keśava
केशव-प्रियम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकेशव (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (केशवस्य प्रियः); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (agreeing with प्रह्लादम्)
जिघांसुःwishing to kill
जिघांसुः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) + सन् (इच्छार्थक) → जिघांसु (कृदन्त)
Formसन्नन्त-धातु ‘जिघांस्’ (to desire to kill) से ‘उ’ (उणादि/कृदन्त) रूप; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘desiring to kill’
अकरोत्made/caused
अकरोत्:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
नानाvarious
नाना:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाना (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विविधतावाचक (adverb: various)
यातनाःtortures
यातनाः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयातना (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), बहुवचन
मृत्यु-हेतवेfor (being) the cause of death
मृत्यु-हेतवे:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक) + हेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मृत्योः हेतु:); पुल्लिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/सम्प्रदान), एकवचन
H
Hiraṇyakaśipu
P
Prahlāda
K
Keśava

FAQs

This verse explicitly calls Prahlāda “keśava-priya”—dear to the Lord—showing that pure devotion makes a devotee intimately protected and cherished by Viṣṇu, even amid severe danger.

Because Prahlāda was devoted to Keśava (Viṣṇu), Hiraṇyakaśipu—hostile to the Lord—became enraged and, desiring to destroy that devotion, subjected him to many tortures meant to cause death.

It teaches steadiness in devotion and values under pressure: opposition may intensify, but sincere bhakti and integrity help one endure fear, remain focused on the Divine, and not be shaken by external threats.