Sutra 8

Devanagari script

तस्यातिक्रमे चतुर्विंशतिपणो दण्डः पण्यदशभागो वा ॥ कZ_०३.१५.०८ ॥

Transliteration

tasyātikrame caturviṃśatipaṇo daṇḍaḥ paṇyadaśabhāgo vā

Translation

সেই (নিৰ্ধাৰিত সীমা/সময়) অতিক্ৰম কৰিলে দণ্ড চৌব্বিশ পণ, অথবা পণ্য-মূল্যৰ এক-দশমাংশ।

Word by Word

• तस्य: of that (person/act); in case of that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं), सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्; सम्बन्धे

• अतिक्रमे: upon transgression/violation (in the case of an offence)
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: अति√क्रम्
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (पुं), भाववाचक-नाम; ‘अतिक्रम’ = उल्लङ्घन/अतिवर्तन

• चतुर्विंशति-पणः: a fine of twenty-four paṇas
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्विंशति + पण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुं); ‘पण’ द्रव्य-परिमाण/मुद्रा; समासः संख्यापूर्वपदः

• दण्डः: the penalty/fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुं); दण्ड-शब्दः दण्डनीय-राशिः/दण्डविधानम्

• पण्य-दश-भागः: or one-tenth share of the merchandise (value)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य + दश + भाग
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुं); पण्यस्य दशमो भागः = दशांशः

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

Entities Mentioned

• buyer
• seller
• state/judge

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative logic of offering either a fixed fine or a value-based fine?

It lets the court scale punishment to the transaction size: small deals face a deterrent fixed fine, large deals face a proportional levy to prevent profitable violations.