Sutra 9

Devanagari script

ध्रुवं हि साक्षिभिः श्रोतव्यम् ॥ कZ_०३.११.४८ ॥

Transliteration

dhruvaṃ hi sākṣibhiḥ śrotavyam

Translation

সাক্ষীৰ বয়ান নিশ্চিতভাৱে/দৃঢ়ভাৱে শুনি স্থিৰ কৰিব লাগে।

Word by Word

• ध्रुवम्: certainly; definitely; as a fixed rule
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially)
• Root: ध्रुव
• Form: प्रातिपदिकम् ध्रुव; नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण ‘निश्चयेन/अवश्यम्’ इत्यर्थे)

• हि: indeed; for; certainly (emphatic particle)
• Type: Particle
• Root: हि
• Form: निपातः; हेतौ/समर्थने/निश्चयार्थे

• साक्षिभिः: by witnesses; through witnesses
• Type: Noun
• Root: साक्षिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम् (करणम्)

• श्रोतव्यम्: must be heard; should be listened to / examined
• Type: Verbal derivative (Gerundive / Potential passive participle)
• Root: श्रु
• Form: कृदन्तम् (तव्यत्-प्रत्ययः); नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम् प्रथमा; भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोगः—‘श्रवणीयम्/श्रोतुम् अर्हति’

Entities Mentioned

• sākṣi (witnesses)

More Details

FAQs

What does 'dhruvaṃ' imply in the instruction about hearing witnesses?

That testimony should be taken in a firm, definite, properly fixed manner—reducing ambiguity and later dispute.