Shloka 58

पापभेदवर्णनम्

Classification of Sins / Taxonomy of Pāpa

Devanagari script

यः करोति स्वयं कर्म्म कारयेच्चानुमोदयेत् । कायेन मनसा वाचा तस्य पापगतिः फलम्

Transliteration

yaḥ karoti svayaṃ karmma kārayeccānumodayet | kāyena manasā vācā tasya pāpagatiḥ phalam

Translation

من يفعل الفعل بنفسه، أو يُجري غيره عليه، أو يرضى به—بالجسد أو بالعقل أو بالكلام—فإنه ينال ثمرةً تقوده إلى حال وجودٍ آثم.

Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Karta (कर्ता/Relative subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• करोति: does
• करोति: Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• स्वयम्: oneself
• स्वयम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Agent-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, आत्मवाचक (reflexive adverb)

• कर्म: deed; action
• कर्म: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कारयेत्: should cause (someone) to do
• कारयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) (णिच्-प्रत्यय causative)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिच् (causative) — ‘to cause to do’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• अनुमोदयेत्: should approve; should consent
• अनुमोदयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + मुद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद (ātmanepada)

• कायेन: by the body
• कायेन: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• मनसा: by the mind
• मनसा: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वाचा: by speech
• वाचा: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• पाप-गतिः: sinful course/destiny
• पाप-गतिः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक) + गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: पाप + गति; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• फलम्: (is) the result
• फलम्: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate noun)
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (predicate nominative)

Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating the Shiva Purana teachings to the sages at Naimisharanya in the Umāsaṃhitā discourse)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches that karmic bondage (pāśa) is created not only by direct wrongdoing but also by instigating or approving it; purity must be guarded at the three levels—body, mind, and speech—so the soul (paśu) can move toward Shiva (Pati) and liberation.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship is not merely external; it requires inner alignment. Approaching Saguna Shiva through the Linga while tolerating harmful acts in thought, word, or deed contradicts the spirit of worship; true devotion includes ethical restraint and repentance.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Practice tri-karana śuddhi (purification of body–mind–speech): daily japa of the Panchakshara “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” sincere confession and resolve before Shiva, and discipline of speech (satya, hita) to avoid endorsing wrongdoing.