Shloka 10

पञ्चषष्टितमः सर्गः — वानराणां प्लवन-पराक्रम-निरूपणम्

Assessment of the Vanaras’ Leaping Capacity; Jambavan Motivates Hanuman

Devanagari script

तेषां कथयतां तत्र सर्वांस्ताननुमान्य च।ततो वृद्धतमस्तेषां जाम्बवान्प्रत्यभाषत।।।।

Transliteration

teṣāṃ kathayatāṃ tatra sarvāṃs tān anumānya ca |

tato vṛddhatamas teṣāṃ jāmbavān pratyabhāṣata ||

Translation

وبينما كانوا يتحدثون هناك، تأمّل جامبَفان—وهو أكبرُهم سنًّا—قوّةَ الجميع، ثم أجاب.

Word by Word

• साम्प्रतम्: now/at present
• साम्प्रतम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साम्प्रतम् (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय

• काल-भेदेन: due to change of time (age)
• काल-भेदेन: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक) + भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: 'कालस्य भेदः'); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; कारण/हेतु-प्रयोग

• या: which
• या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण to 'गतिः'

• गतिः: speed/ability to go
• गतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• ताम्: that
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; refers to 'गतिम्'

• निबोधत: know/understand
• निबोधत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-√बुध् (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• नवतिम्: ninety
• नवतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नवति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (संख्याशब्द), द्वितीया एकवचन; परिमाण

• योजनानाम्: of yojanas
• योजनानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योजन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी बहुवचन; 'of yojanas' (measure)

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण/विरोधार्थक-अव्यय (emphasis)

• गमिष्यामि: I will go/reach
• गमिष्यामि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (simple future), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• न: no/not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; 'doubt' (elliptic: 'there is no doubt')

Context

When the monkeys were talking (of their individual capacity) in that manner about their speed, Jambavan the oldest of the monkeys inferred (their capacity) and said:

Characters & Entities

• Jāmbavān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes prudent evaluation: an elder assesses claims realistically so the mission proceeds on truth (satya) rather than mere boasting.

What is the narrative situation?

After various monkeys describe their leaping power, Jāmbavān prepares to give a measured response based on what he understands of their capacities.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Mature judgment: the elder does not react impulsively but weighs the situation before speaking.