Shloka 5

Devanagari script

आवृत्त्याऽकाशमार्गे तु जवेन स्म गतौ भृशम्।मध्यं प्राप्ते दिनकरे जटायुरवसीदति।।4.58.5।।

Transliteration

āvṛtyākāśa-mārge tu javena sma gatau bhṛśam |

madhyaṁ prāpte dinakare jaṭāyur avasīdati ||

Translation

وبينما كنا نجوب مسالك السماء بسرعة هائلة، فلما بلغنا الشمس في كبدها، أخذ جَتايو (Jaṭāyu) يضعف ويتهاوى.

Word by Word

• āvṛttyā: by circling/turning back
• āvṛttyā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana, Strīliṅga; instrumental of manner ('by circling/turning')

• ākāśa-mārge: in the sky-path
• ākāśa-mārge: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ākāśa (प्रातिपदिक) + mārga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; tatpuruṣa 'path of the sky'

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (particle)

• javena: with speed
• javena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: java (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; instrumental of manner

• sma: indeed/then (past marker)
• sma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: Smā-avyaya (particle indicating past narration)

• gatau: (we) two went
• gatau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gata (कृदन्त/धातु √gam)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Dvivacana, Puṃliṅga; past participle used predicatively with implied 'āsva'/'stha' = 'we two went'

• bhṛśam: violently/exceedingly
• bhṛśam: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhṛśam (अव्यय)
• Form: Manner adverb (rīti-avyaya)

• madhyam: the middle
• madhyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana, Napuṃsakaliṅga; object with prāpte (having reached the middle)

• prāpte: when (it/they) reached
• prāpte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prāpta (कृदन्त/धातु √āp with pra-)
• Form: Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; locative absolute with dinakare: 'when the sun was at mid (sky)' / 'when (we) reached the middle' (contextual)

• dinakare: when the Sun
• dinakare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dinakara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; 'in/when the sun' (locative absolute partner)

• jaṭāyuḥ: Jatayu
• jaṭāyuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaṭāyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga

• avasīdati: became weak/sank down
• avasīdati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-√sad (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (present), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada

Context

'Seeing my brother tormented due to the Sun's radiance I was overwhelmed withgrief. Out of love I covered him with both my wings.

Characters & Entities

• Sampāti
• Jatāyu

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Recognizing human (and creaturely) limits is part of Dharma; overreaching through pride leads to harm.

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti describes the moment when Jatāyu, overwhelmed by the Sun’s intensity, started losing strength mid-flight.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Awareness and concern—this sets up Sampāti’s protective action toward his brother.