Shloka 2

सम्पातिवाक्यम्

Sampāti’s Counsel and the Revelation of Laṅkā

Devanagari script

यवीयान्मम भ्राता जटायुर्नाम वानराः।यमाख्यात हतं युद्धे रावणेन बलीयसा।।4.58.2।।

Transliteration

yavīyān mama bhrātā jaṭāyur nāma vānarāḥ |

yam ākhyāta hataṃ yuddhe rāvaṇena balīyasā || 4.58.2 ||

Translation

يا معشرَ الفانارا، إن الذي أخبرتم أنه قُتل في القتال على يد رافانا القويّ هو أخي الأصغر، واسمه جاتايو.

Word by Word

• yavīyān: younger
• yavīyān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yavīyas (प्रातिपदिक; comparative)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; taddhita-comparative (तरप्/ईयसुन् sense)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; genitive pronoun

• bhrātā: brother
• bhrātā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga

• jaṭāyuḥ: Jatayu
• jaṭāyuḥ: Samānādhikaraṇa (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaṭāyu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; proper noun

• nāma: by name
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta/avyaya used as naming particle ('by name')

• vānarāḥ: O monkeys
• vānarāḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sambodhana (vocative/सम्बोधन) or Prathamā, Bahuvacana, Puṃliṅga; here vocative address

• yam: whom
• yam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; relative pronoun referring to jaṭāyuḥ

• ākhyāta: you told/reported
• ākhyāta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√khyā (धातु)
• Form: Luṅ-lakāra (aorist/लुङ्), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd/मध्यमपुरुष), Bahuvacana; parasmaipada; 'you reported/told'

• hatam: killed
• hatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hata (कृदन्त/धातु √han)
• Form: Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; past passive participle qualifying yam

• yuddhe: in battle
• yuddhe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana, Napuṃsakaliṅga

• rāvaṇena: by Ravana
• rāvaṇena: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; proper noun

• balīyasā: (who was) stronger
• balīyasā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: balīyas (प्रातिपदik; comparative)
• Form: Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana, Puṃliṅga; comparative adjective qualifying rāvaṇena

Context

'O monkeys! I am a vulture. My wings are burnt and my strength is depleted. The only substantial help I can render Rama is through my words.

Characters & Entities

• Sampāti
• Jaṭāyu
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Truthful testimony and accountability in speech: Sampāti accepts the reported fact about Jaṭāyu and identifies him clearly, grounding the narrative in satya (truth).

What is the narrative situation?

Sampāti hears the monkeys’ account of Jaṭāyu’s death and reveals that Jaṭāyu was his younger brother.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Candor and integrity in witness: Sampāti speaks plainly, aligning his knowledge with what has been truthfully reported.