Shloka 53

पश्चिमदिशि अन्वेषणादेशः

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Devanagari script

ऊर्ध्वं मासान्न वस्तव्यं वसन् वध्यो भवेन्मम।सहैव शूरो युष्माभिश्श्वशुरो मे गमिष्यति।।4.42.53।।

Transliteration

ūrdhvaṃ māsān na vastavyaṃ vasan vadhyo bhaven mama | sahaiva śūro yuṣmābhiḥ śvaśuro me gamiṣyati || 4.42.53 ||

Translation

لا تمكثوا فوق شهر؛ فإن أقمتم بعده صرتم مستوجبين لعقوبتي. ومعكم سيذهب أيضًا حَمِيَّ الشجاع.

Word by Word

• ūrdhvam: beyond
• ūrdhvam: Avadhi (अवधि)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ūrdhva (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाववत्)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय) meaning “above/beyond”

• māsāt: than a month / from a month
• māsāt: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• vastavyam: should be stayed (must stay)
• vastavyam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vas (धातु) + -tavya (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Gerundive/obligative (तव्यत्-कृदन्त), Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; impersonal: “it is not to be stayed”

• vasan: staying
• vasan: Kāla/Hetu (काल/हेतु)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vas (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ-कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; used conditionally “while staying”

• vadhyaḥ: to be killed
• vadhyaḥ: Pradhāna-viśeṣaṇa (प्रधान-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vadhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate “liable to be killed”

• bhavet: would be/may become
• bhavet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• mama: of me / by me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• saha: along with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Postposition (सह-योगे अव्ययम्); governs Instrumental

• eva: indeed
• eva: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण-अव्यय)

• śūraḥ: the brave one
• śūraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śūra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• yuṣmābhiḥ: with you (all)
• yuṣmābhiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuṣmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural

• śvaśuraḥ: father-in-law
• śvaśuraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śvaśura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• me: my
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (enclitic)

• gamiṣyati: will go
• gamiṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Future (लृट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

Context

'If you tarry beyond a month, you will be slain. My father-in- law, the brave hero will go with your group.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in governance: discipline and consequences maintain order; even a righteous mission requires adherence to time and command.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva warns the team not to exceed the deadline and notes that his father-in-law will accompany/oversee them.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāja-dharma (kingly duty): enforcing rules for the collective good and mission success.