Shloka 61

शरत्प्रवेशे रामविलापः तथा सुग्रीवप्रमादे लक्ष्मणप्रेषणम्

Autumn’s Onset: Rama’s Lament and Lakshmana Sent to Sugriva

Devanagari script

हंससारसचक्राह्वैः कुररैश्च समन्ततः।पुलिनान्यवकीर्णानि नदीनां पश्य लक्ष्मण।।

Transliteration

haṃsa-sārasa-cakrāhvaiḥ kuraraiś ca samantataḥ | pulināny avakīrṇāni nadīnāṃ paśya lakṣmaṇa ||

Translation

انظر يا لكشمانا: إنّ ضفاف الأنهار الرملية مبثوثة من كل جانب بالبطّ البريّ، وبطيور السارَسا، وبالچَكْرَفاكا، وبطيور الكورَرا.

Word by Word

• haṃsa-sārasa-cakrāhvaiḥ: by swans, sārasas, and cakrāhva birds
• haṃsa-sārasa-cakrāhvaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haṃsa (प्रातिपदिक) + sārasa (प्रातिपदिक) + cakrāhva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन (plural); द्वन्द्वसमासः (haṃsāś ca sārasāś ca cakrāhvāś ca)

• kuraraiḥ: by kurara birds
• kuraraiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kurara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), तृतीया (Instrumental), बहुवचन (plural)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction)

• samantataḥ: all around
• samantataḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samantataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place)

• pulināni: sandbanks
• pulināni: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pulina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural)

• avakīrṇāni: strewn, scattered
• avakīrṇāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ava + kṝ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्तः (past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (n.), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन (plural); ‘scattered/strewn’

• nadīnām: of rivers
• nadīnām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन (plural)

• paśya: see, look
• paśya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (singular)

• lakṣmaṇa: O Lakṣmaṇa
• lakṣmaṇa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (singular)

Context

'Lakshmana! look at the swans, sarasas, chakravakas and kurara birds scattered all over the river banks.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• haṃsa (swans)
• sārasa (cranes)
• cakravāka (birds)
• kurara (birds)
• rivers
• sandbanks

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is mindful attention: seeing clearly (satya) what is present supports wise action, especially when guiding and protecting a companion.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama directs Lakshmana’s gaze to the autumnal riverbanks filled with birds, continuing the seasonal description.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s protective companionship and instructive clarity—he remains engaged with Lakshmana through shared, truthful observation.