Shloka 2

वालिनः और्ध्वदैहिकम्

Vali’s Funeral Rites and the Consolation of the Bereaved

Devanagari script

न शोकपरितापेन श्रेयसा युज्यते मृतः।यदत्रानन्तरं कार्यं तत्समाधातुमर्हथ4.25.2।।

Transliteration

na śokaparitāpena śreyasā yujyate mṛtaḥ | yad atrānantaraṃ kāryaṃ tat samādhātum arhatha || 4.25.2 ||

Translation

إن الميت لا ينال خيرًا ولا صلاحًا بالحزن واللوعة المحرقة. فلتُحسنوا الآن ترتيب ما يلزم، ولتنهضوا بالواجب الذي يتعيّن بعد ذلك.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (Negation particle/निषेध)

• śoka-paritāpena: by grief and anguish
• śoka-paritāpena: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक) + paritāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva-samāsa (द्वन्द्व: 'grief and anguish'); Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• śreyasā: with welfare/benefit
• śreyasā: Sahakārī (Accompaniment/सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śreyas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• yujyate: is joined/attains
• yujyate: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• mṛtaḥ: the dead (person)
• mṛtaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √mṛ धातु)
• Form: Bhūta-kṛdanta (Past participle/भूतकृदन्त, kta), Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• yat: whatever/that which
• yat: Sambandha (Relative/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (Relative pronoun/यद्), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (Nom/Acc/प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (Adverb of place/देश)

• anantaram: next/thereafter
• anantaram: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā vibhakti (Nom/Acc/प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); used adverbially = 'next/thereafter'

• kāryam: the thing to be done/duty
• kāryam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ धातु)
• Form: Kṛtya (Gerundive/कृत्य, -ya), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (Demonstrative pronoun/तद्), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)

• samādhātum: to undertake/settle
• samādhātum: Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-dhā (धातु)
• Form: Tumun-anta (Infinitive/तुमुन्), 'to arrange/undertake/settle'

• arhatha: you should/you are fit (to do)
• arhatha: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: arh (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (Imperative/लोट्), Parasmaipada, Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person/मध्यमपुरुष), Bahuvacana (Plural/बहुवचन)

Context

Having thus spoken to Sugriva, Lakshmana, son of Sumitra, slayer of enemies, stood by his brother

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva (implied context)
• Vāli (implied: 'the dead')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires composure and timely action: grief cannot change death, so one must perform the necessary duties (especially prescribed rites) without delay.

What is the narrative situation?

After Vāli has been slain, intense lamentation arises; the speaker urges that the next required actions—funeral preparations and rites—be properly organized.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Practical righteousness and steadiness (dhairya): the ability to move from emotion to duty in accordance with dharma.