Shloka 5

वालिवधः

The Slaying of Vali

Devanagari script

न च कार्यो विषादस्ते राघवं प्रति मत्कृते।धर्मज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च कथं पापं करिष्यति4.16.5।।

Transliteration

na ca kāryo viṣādas te rāghavaṃ prati matkṛte |

dharmajñaś ca kṛtajñaś ca kathaṃ pāpaṃ kariṣyati || 4.16.5 ||

Translation

«لا تحزني من أجلي تجاه راغhava؛ فكيف لمن يعرف الدharma ويعرف الشكر أن يقترف إثمًا؟»

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• कार्यः: to be done/necessary
• कार्यः: विधेय-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate) विषादः

• विषादः: despondency
• विषादः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ते: your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• राघवम्: Raghava (Rama)
• राघवम्: कर्म (Karma/Object of प्रति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्रति: towards/with respect to
• प्रति: सम्बन्ध (Relation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्गसदृश-अव्यय/पूर्वसर्ग (preposition-like indeclinable) governing accusative

• मत्: my
• मत्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचन-भाव (genitive stem) as compound member

• कृते: for the sake (of)
• कृते: हेतु (Hetu/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत (प्रातिपदिक; कृ-धातु + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अर्थे 'for the sake of' (हेतौ)

• धर्मज्ञः: knower of dharma
• धर्मज्ञः: विशेषण (Qualifier of implied subject ‘he’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म-ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; धर्म + ज्ञ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (धर्मं जानाति)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• कृतज्ञः: grateful
• कृतज्ञः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत-ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; कृत + ज्ञ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (कृतं जानाति/उपकारं स्मरति)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• कथम्: how
• कथम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नवाचक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)

• पापम्: sin
• पापम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• करिष्यति: will do
• करिष्यति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Rama then fixed an arrow which resembled a venomous snake, on to his bow looking like the very death-wheel of Yama and stretched it fully.

Characters & Entities

• Rāghava (Rāma)
• Vāli

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is framed as moral reliability: one who knows righteousness and repays obligations (kṛtajña) will not deliberately commit sin.

What is the narrative situation?

As the conflict reaches its crisis, Vāli addresses a listener’s worry about Rāma’s conduct, asserting confidence in Rāma’s dharmic nature.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s virtues of dharma-jñatā (moral discernment) and kṛtajñatā (gratitude/remembering duty) are highlighted.