Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 2

गङ्गावतरणम्

The Descent of the Gaṅgā and Bhagiratha’s Fulfilment

Devanagari script

अथ संवत्सरे पूर्णे सर्वलोकनमस्कृत:।उमापति: पशुपती राजानमिदमब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

atha saṃvatsare pūrṇe sarvalokanamaskṛtaḥ | umāpatiḥ paśupati rājānam idam abravīt ||

Translation

فلما اكتملت سنةٌ تامّة، خاطبَ باشوبَتي—سيّدَ أُما، المُعظَّمَ لدى جميع العوالم—الملكَ بهذه الكلمات.

Word by Word

• अथ: then/thereafter
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/connector (निपात), sequential marker

• संवत्सरे: when the year
• संवत्सरे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• पूर्णे: was completed
• पूर्णे: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्ताधारित)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; agrees with 'संवत्सरे'

• सर्वलोकनमस्कृतः: worshipped by all worlds
• सर्वलोकनमस्कृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-लोक-नमस्कृत (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्ताधारित)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; compound: सर्वेषु लोकेषु नमस्कृतः = 'saluted in all worlds'

• उमापतिः: Umā's lord (Śiva)
• उमापतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उमा-पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; 'husband of Umā'

• पशुपती: Paśupati
• पशुपती: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु-पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; apposition to 'उमापतिः'

• राजानम्: to the king
• राजानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular, Parasmaipada

Context

Auspicious Suchakshu, Sita and a great river Sindhu, these three great rivers flowed westwards.

Characters & Entities

• Śiva
• Umā
• Bhagīratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is perseverance in righteous purpose: sustained tapas and truthful resolve draw divine attention and guidance.

What is the narrative situation?

After Bhagīratha’s long austerities, Śiva responds at the completion of a year and begins to speak to him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bhagīratha’s steadfastness (dhṛti) and commitment to a righteous ancestral duty.