Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 105, Shloka 11

भरतस्य प्रार्थना—रामस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Bharata’s Petition and Rama’s Instruction on Time and Mortality

Devanagari script

श्रेणयस्त्वां महाराज पश्यन्त्वग्य्राश्च सर्वशः।प्रतपन्तमिवादित्यं राज्ये स्थित मरिन्दमम्।।2.105.11।।

Transliteration

śreṇayas tvāṃ mahā-rāja paśyantv agryāś ca sarvaśaḥ |

pratapantam ivādityaṃ rājy-e sthitam arin-damam ||

Translation

أيها الملك العظيم، يا قاهرَ الأعداء، لِتَرَكَ الطوائفُ المرموقةُ وسائرُ الجماعاتِ المتقدّمةُ في كلّ مكانٍ قائمًا في الملك، متألّقًا كالشمس.

Word by Word

• śreṇayaḥ: guilds/companies
• śreṇayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śreṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• tu: indeed/and (emphatic)
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक (emphatic/contrastive)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (Pronoun), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• mahārāja: O great king
• mahārāja: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-rāja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः कर्मधारय (महान् चासौ राजा)

• paśyantu: let (them) see
• paśyantu: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (दृश्) (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)

• agryāḥ: the foremost/leaders
• agryāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: agrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (qualifier)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• sarvaśaḥ: everywhere/on all sides
• sarvaśaḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvaśas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• pratapantam: shining/blazing
• pratapantam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√tap (तप्) (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• iva: like/as
• iva: Sambandha (उपमान-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उपमा-वाचक (comparative particle)

• ādityam: the Sun
• ādityam: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āditya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• rājye: in the kingdom
• rājye: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)

• sthitam: placed/installed
• sthitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (स्था) (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• arindamam: subduer of enemies
• arindamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ari-dama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अरिणां दमः = subduer of enemies)

Context

O great king and subduer of enemies, may all the leading guilds of traders and other subjects behold you all over installed in the kingdom like the resplendent Sun.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Bharata
• Kingdom of Ayodhya
• Sun (Āditya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rajadharma is public-facing: a righteous king’s legitimacy is affirmed by social bodies (guilds, leaders) who thrive under just order.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata envisions the public joy and social recognition that would follow Rāma’s installation as king.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s ideal kingship is highlighted indirectly—his presence is compared to the sun’s life-giving splendor.