Shloka 36

हेमन्तवर्णनम् तथा भरतधर्मनिष्ठा-चिन्तनम्

Winter Description and Reflection on Bharata’s Devotion

Devanagari script

इत्येवं लक्ष्मणे वाक्यं स्नेहाद्ब्रुवति धार्मिके।परिवादं जनन्यास्तमसहन्राघवोऽब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

ity evaṃ lakṣmaṇe vākyaṃ snehād bruvati dhārmike | parivādaṃ jananyās tam asahan rāghavo ’bravīt ||

Translation

وهكذا، إذ تكلّم لكشمانا التقيّ بدافع المودّة، أجاب راغhava (راما) غيرَ قادرٍ على احتمال ذلك اللوم الموجَّه إلى أمّه.

Word by Word

• सा: she
• सा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive) एकवचन (your)

• अम्बा: mother
• अम्बा: Apposition (समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अम्बा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मध्यमा: the middle (one)
• मध्यमा: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्यमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तात: dear (brother/son)
• तात: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• गर्हितव्या: should be censured
• गर्हितव्या: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive/obligatory) ‘गर्हितव्या’; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate)

• कथञ्चन: ever/at all (i.e., never)
• कथञ्चन: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथञ्चन (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; नित्यनिषेधार्थक (adverb: in any way/ever; here with prohibition sense ‘never’)

• ताम्: that (story)
• ताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• एव: only
• एव: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (particle: only/indeed)

• इक्ष्वाकु-नाथस्य: of the lord of the Ikṣvākus
• इक्ष्वाकु-नाथस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इक्ष्वाकु (प्रातिपदिक) + नाथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (इक्ष्वाकूणां नाथः)

• भरतस्य: of Bharata
• भरतस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• कथाम्: story, account
• कथाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कथा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कुरु: speak/tell (do)
• कुरु: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

When pious Lakshmana said thus to Rama out of his love for him, Rama replied, unable to tolerate the words of censure against mother (Kaikeyi) :

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Rāma
• Kaikeyī (mother, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes guarding one’s speech and maintaining reverence for parents; even justified anger must not become disrespect toward one’s mother.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration transitions from Lakṣmaṇa’s remarks into Rāma’s response, triggered by Lakṣmaṇa’s censure of Kaikeyī.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s maryādā (propriety) and filial restraint—he refuses to accept speech that dishonors his mother.