Shloka 30

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

उपोष्या द्वादशी पुण्या त्रयोदश्यां तु पारणम् । एकादश्यां तु विद्धायां संप्राप्ते श्रवणे तथा ॥ ३० ॥

Transliteration

upoṣyā dvādaśī puṇyā trayodaśyāṃ tu pāraṇam | ekādaśyāṃ tu viddhāyāṃ saṃprāpte śravaṇe tathā || 30 ||

Translation

يُصام يوم دْفادَشي (Dvādaśī) المقدّس صومَ أوبافاسا، ويكون فَكُّ الصوم (pāraṇa) في يوم تْرَيودَشي (Trayodaśī). وكذلك إذا كانت إيكادَشي (Ekādaśī) «فيدّها» (مخترَقة بتِثي مجاور) وإذا حضر نجم شرافَنا (Śravaṇa nakṣatra)، فالحكم واحد.

Word by Word

• उपोष्या: to be fasted (to be observed as a fast)
• उपोष्या: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपोष्य (कृदन्त; उप-√वस्/उपवास धात्वर्थे)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective) — ‘to be fasted/should be observed as a fast’

• द्वादशी: the Dvādaśī (12th lunar day)
• द्वादशी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; तिथि-नाम

• पुण्या: holy, meritorious
• पुण्या: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier) द्वादशी-शब्दस्य

• त्रयोदश्याम्: on the Trayodaśī (13th lunar day)
• त्रयोदश्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; कालाधिकरण (time-locative)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Avyaya (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle) — contrast/emphasis

• पारणम्: the breaking of the fast
• पारणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/प्रथमा or 2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; उपवास-समापनकर्म (breaking the fast)

• एकादश्याम्: on the Ekādaśī (11th lunar day)
• एकादश्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एकादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; कालाधिकरण (time-locative)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Avyaya (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle)

• विद्धायाम्: when (it is) overlapped/impure (viddhā)
• विद्धायाम्: Viśeṣaṇa/Adhikaraṇa (विशेषण/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्धा (कृदन्त; √व्यध् (धातु) क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) — ‘pierced/overlapped (by another tithi)’; एकादशी-शब्दस्य विशेषण

• संप्राप्ते: when it has occurred/arrived
• संप्राप्ते: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संप्राप्त (कृदन्त; सम्-√प्राप् (धातु) क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त — ‘having occurred/arrived’; श्रवणे इत्यस्य विशेषण (locative absolute sense with śravaṇe)

• श्रवणे: in (the nakṣatra) Śravaṇa
• श्रवणे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; नक्षत्र-नाम; कालाधिकरण

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) — ‘thus/likewise’

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in dialogue style)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Dvādaśī-vrata (with Ekādaśī-viddhā consideration)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara
• Ekadashi
• Shravana

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It stresses that the merit of an Ekādaśī-related vrata depends not only on devotion but also on correct observance—fasting on the proper day (Dvādaśī here) and completing it with pāraṇa at the proper time (Trayodaśī), protecting the vow’s sanctity.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Bhakti is expressed through disciplined vrata-practice: fasting, restraint, and timely pāraṇa performed with reverence. The verse implies that devotion is strengthened when worship is aligned with dharmic procedure rather than personal convenience.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It highlights Jyotiṣa/Vedāṅga-based calendrical rules: tithi determination (Ekādaśī, Dvādaśī, Trayodaśī), the concept of viddhā (tithi ‘piercing’/overlap affecting eligibility), and nakṣatra consideration (Śravaṇa) for deciding vrata timing and pāraṇa.