Shloka 12

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

दर्शश्च पौर्णमासश्च पितुः सांवत्सरं दिनम् । पूर्वविद्धानिमांस्त्यक्त्वा नरकं प्रतिपद्यते ॥ १२ ॥

Transliteration

darśaśca paurṇamāsaśca pituḥ sāṃvatsaraṃ dinam | pūrvaviddhānimāṃstyaktvā narakaṃ pratipadyate || 12 ||

Translation

من أهمل هذه الشعائر—دارشا (يوم المحاق)، وبورْنَماسَ (يوم البدر)، وشرادها السنوية لذكرى وفاة الأب—وقد ترك ما أُمر به منذ القدم، فإنه يسقط في الجحيم (نَرَك).

Word by Word

• दर्शः: new-moon day (darśa)
• दर्शः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्श (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; अमावास्या (new-moon day)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• पौर्णमासः: full-moon day (paurṇamāsa)
• पौर्णमासः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौर्णमास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; पूर्णिमा (full-moon day)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• पितुः: of the father/ancestor
• पितुः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• सांवत्सरम्: annual
• सांवत्सरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सांवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘annual’ (qualifying दिनम्)

• दिनम्: day
• दिनम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन

• पूर्व-विद्धान्: the earlier-occurring ones
• पूर्व-विद्धान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + विद्ध (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; ‘earlier-occurring’ (objects of त्यक्त्वा)

• इमान्: these
• इमान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• त्यक्त्वा: having abandoned/omitted
• त्यक्त्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √त्यज् (धातु) ; त्यक्त्वा (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), ‘having abandoned’

• नरकम्: hell
• नरकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• प्रतिपद्यते: attains/goes to
• प्रतिपद्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पद् (धातु) + प्रति (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Darśa (Amāvāsyā observance); Paurṇamāsa (Pūrṇimā observance); annual pitṛ-dina/Śrāddha

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Pitṛ (ancestors/father)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It stresses Pitṛ-dharma: honoring one’s father/ancestors through prescribed lunar and annual rites is treated as a serious moral obligation; neglect is said to generate heavy demerit leading to suffering (naraka).

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

While not directly describing bhakti practices, it frames ritual duty as part of dharma that supports a sattvic life; in the Purāṇic worldview, devotion is strengthened when one does not violate foundational obligations like Pitṛ-kārya.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It points to calendrical/ritual timing—Darśa (Amāvasyā) and Paurṇamāsa (Pūrṇimā)—which relies on Jyotiṣa (Vedāṅga astronomy/astrology) for correct tithi determination and on Kalpa for rite procedure.