Shloka 48

य एष तु रथानीके सुवर्णकवचावृत: । सेनाग्रयेण तृतीयेन व्यावहार्येण तिछति,यह जो रथियोंकी सेनामें सोनेका कवच धारण किये तीसरी काम देने योग्य (बिना थकी-मादी) सेनाके साथ विराजमान है, जिसकी ध्वजाके अग्रभागमें नागका चिह्न है और सोनेकी पताका फहरा रही है, यह धृतराष्ट्रपुत्र श्रीमान्‌ राजा सुयोधन है

arjuna uvāca | ya eṣa tu rathānīke suvarṇakavacāvṛtaḥ | senāgrayeṇa tṛtīyena vyāvahāryeṇa tiṣṭhati |

قال أرجونا: «ذاك الذي يقف هناك بين صفوف المقاتلين على العربات، لابسًا درعًا من ذهب، ومتموضعًا مع الطليعة الثالثة الصالحة للخدمة—مستعدًّا للفعل وقادرًا على احتمال قتالٍ طويل—هو الابن البهيّ لدهرتراشترا: الملك سُيودَهَنَة (دوريودهَنَة).»

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रथ-अनीकेin the chariot-division/among the charioteers' array
रथ-अनीके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अनीक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सुवर्ण-कवच-आवृतःcovered with a golden armor
सुवर्ण-कवच-आवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुवर्ण + कवच + आवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेना-अग्रयेणwith the vanguard of the army
सेना-अग्रयेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसेना + अग्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तृतीयेनas the third (division)
तृतीयेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootतृतीय
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
व्यावहार्येणfit for action/serviceable
व्यावहार्येण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यावहार्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तिष्ठतिstands/is stationed
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (तिष्ठ-)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
S
Suyodhana (Duryodhana)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
C
chariot-corps (rathānīka)
G
golden armour (suvarṇa-kavaca)
V
vanguard division (senāgra)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights discernment and situational awareness in dharmic conflict: leaders are identified not by rhetoric but by their position, preparedness, and responsibility within the army—implying accountability of command in war.

Arjuna points out and identifies Suyodhana (Duryodhana) on the battlefield formation, describing him as stationed among the chariot troops, clad in golden armour, and placed with a forward, ready division—marking him as a principal figure in the opposing force.