Shloka 13

Daśagrīva-boonāvaraṇa, Viṣṇv-avatāra-niyoga, Vānara-sahāya-janana, Mantharā-nirmāṇa

Devanagari script

नातप्ततपसो लोके प्राप्रुवन्ति महासुखम्‌ | सुखदु:खे हि पुरुष: पर्यायेणोपसेवते,“धर्मात्माओंमें श्रेष्ठ महाबाहु युधिष्ठिर! मेरी बात सुनो, संसारमें जिन्होंने तपस्या नहीं की है, वे महान्‌ सुखकी उपलब्धि नहीं कर पाते हैं। मनुष्य बारी-बारीसे सुख और दुःख दोनोंका सेवन करता है

Transliteration

na āptatapasāḥ loke prāpnuvanti mahāsukham | sukhaduḥkhe hi puruṣaḥ paryāyeṇopasevate |

Translation

قال فايشَمبايانا: «يا يودهِشْتِهيرا عظيمَ الذراعين، اسمع قولي. في هذا العالم، من لم يتخذ التَّقشّف (التَّپَس) سبيلاً لا ينال السعادة العظمى؛ لأن الإنسان يمرّ باللذة والألم على التعاقب».

Word by Word

नnot

आतप्त-तपसःof one whose austerity has not been performed (unpractised in tapas)

लोकेin the world

प्राप्नुवन्तिattain

महा-सुखम्great happiness

सुख-दुःखेin happiness and in sorrow

हिindeed/for

पुरुषःa man/person

पर्यायेणin turn/alternately

उपसेवतेexperiences/undergoes

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

Yudhiṣṭhira

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Great and stable happiness is not gained without tapas (disciplined effort/austerity). Moreover, worldly life naturally alternates between pleasure and pain, so one should cultivate endurance and ethical steadiness rather than expecting uninterrupted comfort.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana addresses Yudhiṣṭhira with counsel, framing human experience as cyclical between sukha and duḥkha and emphasizing austerity as a prerequisite for higher well-being—an instructive moment within the Vana Parva’s reflective teachings.