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Shloka 2

Ritual Acclamation at Hastināpura and Karṇa’s Vow Concerning Arjuna (राजकीय स्तुति-प्रसङ्गः कर्णप्रतिज्ञा च)

तान्‌ दृष्टवा द्रवतः सर्वान्‌ धार्तराष्ट्रानू पराड्मुखान्‌ । दुर्योधनो महाराजो नासीत्‌ तत्र पराड्मुख:,धृतराष्ट्रके सभी पुत्रोंको युद्धसे पीठ दिखाकर भागते देखकर भी राजा दुर्योधन स्वयं वहीं डटा रहा। उसने पीठ नहीं दिखायी

tān dṛṣṭvā dravataḥ sarvān dhārtarāṣṭrān parāṅmukhān | duryodhano mahārājo nāsīt tatra parāṅmukhaḥ ||

قال فايشَمبايانا: لما رأى أبناء دريتاراشترا جميعًا يفرّون مولّين ظهورهم للقتال، لم يُوَلِّ الملك دوريودهانا ظهره هناك وحده. ومع أن صفَّه قد انكسر وولى هاربًا، ثبت في مكانه، رافضًا أن يُري ظهره في المعركة—صورةٌ لشجاعةٍ راسخة، لكنها وُضِعت في خدمة قضيةٍ غير عادلة.

तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
द्रवतःrunning, fleeing
द्रवतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रान्the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)
धार्तराष्ट्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पराङ्मुखान्turned away, with backs turned
पराङ्मुखान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाराजःthe great king
महाराजः:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
पराङ्मुखःturned away, facing away
पराङ्मुखः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Dhārtarāṣṭras (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra / Kauravas)
D
Duryodhana
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights battlefield steadfastness as a kṣatriya ideal—refusing to turn one’s back—while implicitly inviting ethical reflection: personal courage can be admirable in form yet morally compromised when aligned with an unrighteous cause.

As the Kaurava side (Dhārtarāṣṭras) breaks and flees, Duryodhana is singled out as remaining on the field, not becoming parāṅmukha (not turning his back), thereby contrasting his resolve with the panic of his followers.