Shloka 12

अग्निनाम-प्रादुर्भावः प्रायश्चित्त-विधानं च

Agni’s Epithets, Manifestations, and Expiation Procedures

Devanagari script

कुशल: सुखदु:खेषु साधूंश्नाप्युपसेवते । तस्य साधुसमारम्भाद्‌ बुद्धिर्धमेषु राजते,इस प्रकार मनुष्य पापात्मा हो जाता है। अब धर्मकी प्राप्ति कैसे होती है, इसको मुझसे सुनो। जो दुःख और सुखके विवेचनमें कुशल है वह अपनी बुद्धि इन विषयसम्बन्धी दोषोंको पहले ही समझ लेता है। अतः उनसे दूर हटकर श्रेष्ठ पुरुषोंका संग करता है और उस श्रेष्ठसंगसे उसकी बुद्धि धर्ममें लग जाती है

Transliteration

kuśalaḥ sukhaduḥkheṣu sādhūn api upasevate | tasya sādhusamārambhād buddhir dharmeṣu rājate ||

Translation

قال الصيّاد: «مَن كان بصيرًا في أمر اللذّة والألم يلتمس صحبةَ الأخيار. فمنذ بدءِ مخالطة الصالحين يشرق فهمُه في الدَّرما».

Word by Word

कुशलःskilled, discerning

सुखदुःखेषुin pleasures and pains

साधून्the good/virtuous people

अपिalso, even

उपसेवतेassociates with, attends upon

तस्यof him

साधु-समारम्भात्from (his) undertaking/association with the good

बुद्धिःintellect, understanding

धर्मेषुin dharmas / in righteousness

राजतेshines, is resplendent / becomes established

Speaker

व्याध उवाच

Characters & Entities

व

व्याध (Vyādha, the hunter)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Discerning the nature of pleasure and pain leads one to avoid their faults and seek the company of virtuous people; from that good association, one’s intellect naturally becomes established in dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the dialogue where the hunter instructs a seeker, he explains the practical pathway to dharma: cultivate discernment about worldly experiences and deliberately associate with the righteous, which reforms and illumines one’s understanding.