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Shloka 23

कृतयुगवर्णनम् तथा राजधर्मोपदेशः

Kṛtayuga Description and Instruction on Royal Dharma

तस्य तावच्छती संध्या संध्यांशक्ष तथाविध: । चार हजार दिव्य वर्षोका एक सत्ययुग बताया गया है, उतने ही सौ वर्ष उसकी संध्या और संध्यांशके होते हैं (इस प्रकार कुल अड़तालीस सौ दिव्य वर्ष सत्ययुगके हैं) ।। २२३ || त्रीणि वर्षसहस्राणि त्रेतायुगमिहोच्यते

tasya tāvacchatī sandhyā sandhyāṁśaś ca tathāvidhaḥ | catvāri sahasrāṇi divya-varṣāṇi ekaṁ satya-yugam ucyate, utāni eva śata-varṣāṇi tasya sandhyā-sandhyāṁśayoḥ (evaṁ kulaṁ catuḥśatāṣṭaśatāni divya-varṣāṇi satya-yugasya) || trīṇi varṣa-sahasrāṇi tretā-yugam iha ucyate ||

قال فايشَمبايانا: «إن شفق الوصل (sandhyā) لذلك العصر يدوم مئةَ سنةٍ (إلهية)، وشفقه الختامي (sandhyāṃśa) على المقدار نفسه. وهكذا يُعلَن أن ساتيا يوغا (Satya Yuga) أربعةُ آلافِ سنةٍ إلهية، مع إضافة مئة سنة إلهية عند مفصل البدء ومئة عند مفصل الختام—فيكون المجموع أربعةَ آلافٍ وثمانمئةِ سنةٍ إلهية. وبعد ذلك يُذكر هنا أن تريتا يوغا (Tretā Yuga) مدته ثلاثةُ آلافِ سنةٍ إلهية.»

तस्यof that (yuga)
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तावत्so much; to that extent
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
शतीa hundred (years)
शती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
संध्याtwilight (junction-period)
संध्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
संध्या-अंशःthe twilight-portion (sandhyāṃśa)
संध्या-अंशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्यांश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise; also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
विधःof such a kind; of that sort
विधः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
Karma
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
वर्ष-सहस्राणिthousands of years (i.e., three thousand years)
वर्ष-सहस्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षसहस्र
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
त्रेता-युगम्the Tretā age
त्रेता-युगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेतायुग
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इहhere; in this context
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
S
Satya Yuga
T
Tretā Yuga
S
sandhyā
S
sandhyāṃśa
D
divya-varṣa

Educational Q&A

The passage teaches the traditional Purāṇic/Mahābhārata framework of cosmic time: each yuga has a main span plus transitional junctions (sandhyā and sandhyāṃśa). Satya Yuga is defined as 4000 divine years plus 100+100 for its junctions, and Tretā Yuga is introduced as 3000 divine years, implying a graded decrease across ages.

Vaiśaṃpāyana is explaining to his listener the measured durations of the world-ages (yugas). He completes the calculation for Satya Yuga by adding its opening and closing junction periods, then begins stating the duration of the next age, Tretā Yuga.