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Shloka 15

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

सनत्युजात उवाच क्रोधादयो द्वादश यस्य दोषा- स्तथा नृशांसानि दशत्रि राजन्‌ | धर्मादयो द्वादशैते पितृणां शास्त्रे गुणा ये विदिता द्विजानाम्‌,सनत्सुजातने कहा--राजन्‌! तपस्याके क्रोध आदि बारह दोष हैं तथा तेरह प्रकारके नृशंस मनुष्य होते हैं। मन्वादिशास्त्रोंमें कथित ब्राह्मणोंके धर्म आदि बारह गुण प्रसिद्ध हैं

sanatsujāta uvāca |

krodhādayo dvādaśa yasya doṣās tathā nṛśaṃsāni daśa trī rājan |

dharmādayo dvādaśaite pitṝṇāṃ śāstre guṇā ye viditā dvijānām ||

قال ساناتسوجاتا: «أيها الملك، للتبس اثنا عشر عيبًا أولها الغضب، ولدى الناس ثلاث عشرة صورة من القسوة (nṛśaṃsatā). وفي تعاليم الآباء ذوي السلطان، تُعرَف لدى “ذوي الولادتين” اثنتا عشرة فضيلة أولها الدَّرْمَا. فبمعرفتها ينبغي ترك العيوب وتنمية الفضائل.»

सनत्सुजातःSanatsujata
सनत्सुजातः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसनत्सुजात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
क्रोधादयःanger and the rest
क्रोधादयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोधादि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दोषाःfaults, vices
दोषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand also; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नृशांसानिcruelties; acts of cruelty
नृशांसानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृशांस
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
दशten
दश:
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
त्रिthree
त्रि:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मादयःdharma and the rest
धर्मादयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मादि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वादश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितृणाम्of the fathers/ancestors
पितृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शास्त्रेin the treatise/scripture
शास्त्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
गुणाःqualities, virtues
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwhich
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विदिताःknown, recognized
विदिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविदित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विजानाम्of the twice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta
R
Rājan (the King—Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee in context)
D
Dvija (twice-born)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors/forefathers)

Educational Q&A

Sanatsujāta contrasts two moral lists: vices (doṣas) beginning with anger and virtues (guṇas) beginning with dharma, urging the listener—especially a ruler—to reject cruelty and cultivate the śāstrically approved virtues known among the initiated.

In the Udyoga Parva’s Sanatsujāta-upākhyāna, the sage instructs the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) on ethical discipline and right conduct, framing the coming political crisis through inner reform: mastering anger and cruelty and adhering to dharma-based virtues.