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Shloka 23

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

विदुर उवाच तपो दमो ब्रह्मवित्तं विताना: पुण्या विवाहा: सततान्नदानम्‌ | येष्वेवैते सप्त गुणा वसन्ति सम्यग्वृत्तास्तानि महाकुलानि,विदुरजी बोले--राजन्‌! जिनमें तप, इन्द्रियसंयम, वेदोंका स्वाध्याय, यज्ञ, पवित्र विवाह, सदा अन्नदान और सदाचार--ये सात गुण वर्तमान हैं, उन्हें महान्‌ (उत्तम) कुलीन कहते हैं

vidura uvāca—tapo damo brahmavittaṃ vitānāḥ puṇyā vivāhāḥ satatānna-dānam | yeṣv evaite sapta guṇā vasanti samyag-vṛttās tāni mahā-kulāni ||

قال فيدورا: أيها الملك، إنّ الأسر التي تقيم فيها حقًّا هذه الخصال السبع—التقشّف والرياضة (تَبَس)، وضبط النفس (دَمَة)، ومعرفة الفيدا والبَرَهْمَن، وإقامة شعائر اليَجْنَة، والزواج الطاهر المشروع، ودوام إطعام الطعام، والاستقامة في السلوك—هي التي تُسمّى على وجه الصواب سلالاتٍ عظيمةً نبيلة.

विदुरःVidura
विदुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मवित्तम्knowledge of Brahman/Veda (brahma-knowledge)
ब्रह्मवित्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मवित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वितानाःsacrificial rites/ceremonial performances
वितानाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवितान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुण्याःholy, meritorious
पुण्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विवाहाःmarriages
विवाहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सततalways, continually
सतत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
अन्नदानम्giving of food
अन्नदानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्नदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
येषुin which (families)
येषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सप्तseven
सप्त:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसप्त
गुणाःqualities, virtues
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वसन्तिdwell, abide, are present
वसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
सम्यक्properly, rightly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
वृत्ताःwell-conducted, of good conduct
वृत्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तानिthose
तानि:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
महाकुलानिgreat/noble families
महाकुलानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाकुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (rājan; addressed figure)

Educational Q&A

Nobility of birth is validated by lived virtues: discipline, self-restraint, Vedic/Brahman-knowledge, sustaining sacred rites, pure marriage practices, continual food-charity, and upright conduct. A ‘great family’ is defined ethically, not merely by ancestry.

In Vidura’s counsel to the king during the Udyoga Parva’s tense pre-war deliberations, he sets a moral standard for what counts as true high lineage, redirecting attention from pride of birth to dharmic behavior and public-minded virtue.