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Shloka 10

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

यः प्रमाणं न जानाति स्थाने वृद्धौँ तथा क्षये । कोशे जनपदे दण्डे न स राज्येडवतिषछते,जो राजा स्थिति, लाभ, हानि, खजाना, देश तथा दण्ड आदिकी मात्राको नहीं जानता, वह राज्यपर स्थिर नहीं रह सकता

yaḥ pramāṇaṁ na jānāti sthāne vṛddhau tathā kṣaye | kośe janapade daṇḍe na sa rājye 'vatiṣṭhate ||

قال فيدورا: إنّ الملك الذي لا يعرف مقدار الأمور وتناسبها—ما يليق في حال الاستقرار، وفي حال النماء، وفي حال الانحسار؛ وفي شأن الخزانة، والبلاد وأهلها، وفي استعمال العقوبة—لا يستطيع أن يثبت راسخًا في السيادة. إنّ الحكم الأخلاقي يحتاج إلى تقدير موزون: معرفة متى يُصان المال، ومتى يُوسَّع السلطان، ومتى يُكفّ بالتهذيب العادل.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमाणम्measure, proper standard/limit
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जानातिknows
जानाति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्थानेin proper place/occasion; in stability
स्थाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वृद्धौin increase/growth
वृद्धौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
क्षयेin decline/loss
क्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कोशेin the treasury
कोशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकोश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जनपदेin the realm/country
जनपदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दण्डेin punishment/discipline
दण्डे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तिष्ठतेstands/remains (stable)
तिष्ठते:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
king (rājā)
T
treasury (kośa)
R
realm/people (janapada)
P
punishment/discipline (daṇḍa)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must have pramāṇa—sound judgment of proper limits and proportion—in prosperity and decline, finance, public welfare, and punishment; without this calibrated discernment, stable rule is impossible.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers counsel on righteous governance and practical statecraft; here he warns that ignorance of proportionate policy in resources, people, and discipline undermines a king’s ability to hold the kingdom.