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Shloka 8

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 3 — Sātyaki on Inner Disposition, Legitimacy, and Coercive Readiness

निकृत्या जितवन्तस्ते कि नु तेषां परं शुभम्‌ । कथं प्रणिपतेच्चायमिह कृत्वा पणं परम्‌

nikṛtyā jitavantaste ki nu teṣāṃ paraṃ śubham | kathaṃ praṇipateccāyam iha kṛtvā paṇaṃ param ||

قال فايشَمبايَنا: «لقد ظفروا بالخديعة—فأيُّ خيرٍ أسمى يمكن أن يعود عليهم من ذلك؟ وكيف لهذا الرجل أن ينحني هنا بعد أن أوفى بأعظم رهانٍ في المقامرة؟ لو أن يودهيشثيرا، ابن كونتي، هُزم في لعبةٍ مشروعة جرت في بيته، لكان يمكن عدُّ ذلك نصراً وفق الدharma. لكنهم استدعوا الملك المائل دائماً إلى الدharma، ثم غلبوه بالمكر والاحتيال. أفيمكن أن يُسمّى مثل هذا الفعل أعظمَ ما فيه صلاحهم؟ ولما كان الملك يودهيشثيرا قد أتمّ نذر المنفى إلى الغابة، فلأي سببٍ يطأطئ رأسه الآن خضوعاً—ولِمَ يقدّم التحية أو يُظهر التذلّل؟»

निकृत्याby deceit/treachery
निकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
जितवन्तःhaving conquered; having won
जितवन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजि
Formक्तवत् (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey; those (people)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नुindeed; then; pray (interrogative particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
परम्highest; supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शुभम्good; auspiciousness; welfare
शुभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
प्रणिपतेत्should bow down; should prostrate
प्रणिपतेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नम्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Potential, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयम्this (man); he
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
कृत्वाhaving done; having made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
पणम्stake; wager
पणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परम्great; extreme; highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kuntī
K
Kauravas

Educational Q&A

Victory gained through deceit is ethically hollow and cannot be called true welfare (śubha). The verse questions the moral legitimacy of the Kauravas’ success and implies that dharma, not mere outcome, determines the worth of an action.

In the Udyoga Parva context, the speaker reflects on the earlier dice episode: Yudhiṣṭhira was summoned and defeated by trickery rather than in a fair contest. Since he has already fulfilled the exile-related stake of that wager, the verse asks why he should now show submission or bow to those who won by fraud.