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Shloka 40

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

कच्चिद्‌ वृत्तिं वर्तते वै पुराणीं कच्चिद्‌ भोगान्‌ धार्तराष्ट्रो ददाति । अंगहीनान्‌ कृपणान्‌ वामनान्‌ वा यानानृशंस्यो धृतराष्ट्रो बिभर्ति,(और कहना--) क्या राजा धृतराष्ट्र दयावश जिन अंगहीनों, दीनों और बौने मनुष्योंका पालन करते हैं, उन्हें दुर्योधन भरण-पोषणकी सामग्री देता है? क्या वह उनकी प्राचीन जीविका-वृत्तिका निर्वाह करता है?

kaccid vṛttiṁ vartate vai purāṇīṁ kaccid bhogān dhārtarāṣṭro dadāti | aṅgahīnān kṛpaṇān vāmanān vā yānānṛśaṁsyo dhṛtarāṣṭro bibharti ||

قال يودهيشثيرا: «أترى ما زالوا يحافظون على سبل المعيشة القديمة على سنن العادة؟ وهل يمدّهم دها رتاراشترا (دوريودhana) بالقوت واللوازم؟ ثم إنّ الذين يعولهم ذو الرحمة دريتاراشترا—من ذوي العاهات، والمعدمين، وقصار القامة—هل ينالون من دوريودhana ما يلزم لإقامتهم ومعاشهم؟»

कच्चित्whether (indeed)?
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
वृत्तिम्livelihood, maintenance
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वर्ततेcontinues, is maintained, goes on
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पुराणीम्ancient, traditional
पुराणीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुराणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कच्चित्whether (indeed)?
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
भोगान्enjoyments, provisions
भोगान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra (son of Dhritarashtra / a Kaurava); here: Dhritarashtra
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ददातिgives
ददाति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अङ्गहीनान्those lacking limbs (disabled)
अङ्गहीनान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअङ्गहीन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कृपणान्wretched, poor
कृपणान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वामनान्dwarfish, short-statured
वामनान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवामन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यान्whom
यान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनृशंस्यःcompassionate, not cruel
अनृशंस्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृशंस्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धृतराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बिभर्तिsupports, maintains
बिभर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभृ (बिभर्ति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Dhārtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
T
the disabled (aṅgahīna)
T
the destitute (kṛpaṇa)
T
the dwarfish/small-statured (vāmana)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights rājadharma: a ruler (and the ruling house) must ensure the livelihood and support of vulnerable dependents—especially those sustained by the king’s compassion. Ethical governance is measured not only by power but by continued, traditional provision and humane care.

In Udyoga Parva’s diplomatic context, Yudhiṣṭhira asks after the Kuru court’s welfare and moral conduct. He specifically inquires whether Duryodhana provides ongoing maintenance and supplies to those whom Dhṛtarāṣṭra compassionately supports—testing the ethical state of the kingdom amid rising conflict.