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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 160: Arjuna’s Envoy-Message—Critique of Borrowed Valor and Pre-dawn Mobilization

कि दर्दुरः कूपशयो यथेमां न बुध्यसे राजचमूं समेताम्‌ । दुराधर्षा देवचमूप्रकाशां गुप्तां नरेन्द्रैस्त्रिदशैरिव द्याम्‌ू,'जैसे देवता स्वर्गकी रक्षा करते हैं, उसी प्रकार पूर्व, पश्चिम, दक्षिण और उत्तर दिशाओंके नरेश तथा काम्बोज, शक, खश, शाल्व, मत्स्य, कुरु और मध्यप्रदेशके सैनिक एवं म्लेच्छ, पुलिन्द, द्रविड़, आन्ध्र और कांचीदेशीय योद्धा जिस सेनाकी रक्षा करते हैं, जो देवताओंकी सेनाके समान दुर्धर्ष एवं संगठित है, कौरवराजकी उस (समुद्रतुल्य) सेनाको क्या तुम कूपमण्डूककी भाँति अच्छी तरह समझ नहीं पाते?

kiṁ darduraḥ kūpaśayo yathemāṁ na budhyase rājacamūṁ sametām | durādharṣā devacamūprakāśāṁ guptāṁ narendrais tridāśair iva dyām ||

قال أولوكا: «لِمَ لا تدرك، كضفدعٍ قابعٍ في قاع بئر، هذا الحشد الملكي المجتمع؟ إنه عسير المنال، متلألئ كجيش الآلهة، تحرسه الملوك—كما تُحرس السماء بالآلهة الثلاثة والثلاثين.»

किम्why?/how come?
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
Forminterrogative particle
दर्दुरःa frog
दर्दुरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्दुर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
कूपशयःone who lies in a well (well-dweller)
कूपशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकूपशय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यथाas/like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
Formcomparative particle
इमाम्this
इमाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation
बुध्यसेyou understand/realize
बुध्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
Formpresent (laṭ), 2nd person, singular, ātmanepada
राजचमूम्the king's army
राजचमूम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजचमू
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
समेताम्assembled, gathered
समेताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + इ (समेत)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular (agreeing with चमूम्)
दुराधर्षाम्hard to assail, formidable
दुराधर्षाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुराधर्ष
Formfeminine, accusative, singular (agreeing with चमूम्)
देवचमूप्रकाशाम्shining like the army of the gods
देवचमूप्रकाशाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवचमूप्रकाश
Formfeminine, accusative, singular (agreeing with चमूम्)
गुप्ताम्guarded, protected
गुप्ताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुप्त
Formfeminine, accusative, singular (agreeing with चमूम्)
नरेन्द्रैःby kings, by lords of men
नरेन्द्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
त्रिदशैःby the gods (the thirty)
त्रिदशैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदश
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
इवlike/as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formsimile particle
द्याम्heaven/sky
द्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ
Formfeminine, accusative, singular

उलूक उवाच

U
Ulūka
R
rājacamū (royal army)
N
narendra (kings)
T
tridāśa (the Thirty-three gods)
D
dyauḥ/dyām (heaven)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses the 'frog in a well' image to criticize narrow perception and overconfidence born of limited experience; it urges a realistic appraisal of power and circumstances, warning that ignorance of the wider world leads to poor judgment in conflict.

Ulūka taunts his opponent by praising the assembled royal host as nearly invincible, comparing its protection by kings to heaven being guarded by the Thirty-three gods, thereby attempting to intimidate and assert the Kaurava side’s strength.