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Shloka 20

भीष्मसेनापत्याभिषेकः

Bhīṣma’s Appointment as Commander-in-Chief

धर्मराज युधिष्ठिर यह देखकर कि युद्ध छिड़नेपर अवध्य पुरुषोंका भी वध करना पड़ेगा, खेदसे लंबी साँसें खींचते हुए भीमसेन और अर्जुनसे इस प्रकार बोले ।। यदर्थ वनवासश् प्राप्तं दु:खं च यन्मया । सो<5यमस्मानुपैत्येव परो<नर्थ: प्रयत्नतः,“जिससे बचनेके लिये मैंने वनवासका कष्ट स्वीकार किया और नाना प्रकारके दुःख सहन किये, वही महान्‌ अनर्थ मेरे प्रयत्मसे भी टल न सका। वह हमलोगोंपर आना ही चाहता है

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tad dṛṣṭvā yuddhe pravṛtte 'vadhyapuruṣāṇām api vadhaṃ kartavyaṃ bhaviṣyatīti khedāt dīrghāni niśvāsān muñcan bhīmasenārjunau prati evam uvāca || yadarthaṃ vanavāsaḥ prāptaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca yanmayā | so 'yam asmān upaity eva paro 'narthaḥ prayatnataḥ ||

قال فَيْشَمْبَايَنَة: لما رأى أن الحرب إذا اشتعلت فحتى من لا يجوز قتلُهم سيُضطر إلى قتلِهم، قال الملك يُدْهِشْتِيرَا—مثقلاً بالندم، يجرّ زفراتٍ طويلة—لِبِيمَسِينَا وأَرْجُنَة: «لأجل اتّقاء هذه العاقبة بعينها قبلتُ مشقّة المنفى في الغابة واحتملتُ ألواناً من العذاب. ومع ذلك لم تُدفع تلك الكارثة العظمى، رغم جهدي؛ كأنها قد عُزِمَت أن تقع علينا.»

यत्which (thing)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्थम्purpose, reason
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वनवासःdwelling in the forest; exile
वनवासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवनवास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तम्obtained, undergone
प्राप्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्राप्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्which (thing)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
सःthat (very)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्मान्us
अस्मान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Plural
उपैतिapproaches, comes upon
उपैति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ
FormPresent (लट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
परःgreat, extreme; other
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनर्थःcalamity, misfortune
अनर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रयत्नतःeven with effort; from (my) effort
प्रयत्नतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रयत्न
FormAblative used adverbially (-तः)

वैशग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja)
B
Bhīmasena
A
Arjuna
V
vanavāsa (forest exile)
Y
yuddha (war)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tragedy of war: once violence begins, even those protected by dharma may be harmed. Yudhiṣṭhira’s lament underscores that righteous intent and personal sacrifice (exile) may still fail to prevent collective catastrophe, raising the tension between moral restraint and unavoidable duty.

On the brink of the Kurukṣetra conflict, Yudhiṣṭhira realizes that war will compel the killing of people who should not be slain. Overcome with remorse, he speaks to Bhīma and Arjuna, saying that the very disaster he tried to avert by accepting forest exile is now inevitably approaching.