Shloka 32
Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma
Devanagari script
एतावानेव पुरुषो यदमर्षी यदक्षमी
Transliteration
etāvān eva puruṣo yad amarṣī yad akṣamī
Translation
قال الإله فايُو: «إنما يكون المرء بقدر هذا—بقدر ما يضمر من حنق، وبقدر ما يعجز عن الاحتمال.» وفي ميزان الدارما، لا تُقاس قامة الإنسان بالسلطان أو المنزلة، بل بقدرته على كبح الغضب واحتمال الاستفزاز من غير أن يفقد زمام نفسه.
Word by Word
एतावान्this much; so great (only this much)
एतावान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतावत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; only; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरुषःman; person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्namely; that is to say (relative particle here introducing explanation)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
अमर्षीintolerant; irascible; not bearing (insult/injury)
अमर्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअमर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्and that; namely (repeating for emphasis/parallelism)
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
अक्षमीunable to endure; unforbearing; impatient
अक्षमी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षमिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
Vāyu (Wind-god)P
puruṣa (a person)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
A person’s moral worth is revealed by their capacity for kṣamā (forbearance). Resentment and intolerance shrink one’s true stature; patience and self-restraint elevate it.
Vāyu speaks a concise ethical maxim, evaluating human character through the lens of emotional discipline—especially the ability to endure offense without becoming resentful or intolerant.