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Shloka 19

Chapter 81: Trust, Allies, and the Qualifications of the King’s Artha-Secretary (अर्थसचिव)

क्षताद्‌ भीतं विजानीयादुत्तमं मित्रलक्षणम्‌ | ये तस्य क्षतमिच्छन्ति ते तस्य रिपव: स्मृता:,और जब अपनी वृद्धि हो तो यथाशक्ति उसे भी सब ओरसे समृद्धिशाली बनावे। जो धर्मके कार्योमें भी राजाको सदा हानिसे बचानेका प्रयत्न करता है तथा उसकी हानिसे भयभीत हो उठता है, उसके इस स्वभावको ही उत्तम मित्रका लक्षण समझना चाहिये। जो राजाकी हानि और विनाशकी इच्छा रखते हैं, वे उसके शत्रु माने गये हैं

kṣatād bhītaṃ vijānīyād uttamaṃ mitralakṣaṇam | ye tasya kṣatam icchanti te tasya ripavaḥ smṛtāḥ ||

قال بهيشما: ينبغي أن يُعرَف أسمىَ علامةٍ للصديق الحقّ فيمن يرتعد خوفًا عند توقع أذىً أو خسارةٍ قد تلحق بحليفه. أمّا الذين يتمنّون له الضرر فيُذكَرون أعداءً له. وفي سياق المُلك، فالصديق هو الذي يجتهد—ولا سيما في شؤون الدارما (الحقّ والواجب)—في صون الملك من الانحدار، وإذا أقبل الرخاء سعى، بقدر طاقته، إلى ترقية رفاهه.

क्षतात्from harm/injury
क्षतात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भीतम्afraid
भीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विजानीयात्one should recognize/know
विजानीयात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उत्तमम्excellent, best
उत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मित्रलक्षणम्mark/characteristic of a friend
मित्रलक्षणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र-लक्षण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
येthose who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तस्यof him/its
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
क्षतम्harm, injury, loss
क्षतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छन्तिdesire, wish
इच्छन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
रिपवःenemies
रिपवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare considered/are called
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A true friend is defined by protective concern: he fears the king’s (or ally’s) loss as his own and actively works to prevent harm, especially in dharmic affairs. Whoever wishes the ruler’s damage is, by that intention, an enemy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on how to judge allies and opponents. He gives a practical ethical criterion: the friend is the one who is anxious about your welfare and guards you from decline; those who seek your ruin are to be treated as foes.