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Shloka 13

Chapter 78: Royal Responsibility for Wealth, Social Order, and the Protection of Dvijas

Kekaya Exemplum

न याचन्ते प्रयच्छन्ति सत्यधर्मविशारदा: । नाध्यापयन्त्यधीयन्ते यजन्ते याजयन्ति न,मेरे राज्यमें जो क्षत्रिय हैं, वे अपने वर्णोचित कर्मोमें लगे रहते हैं, वे वेदोंका अध्ययन तो करते हैं, परंतु अध्यापन नहीं करते; यज्ञ करते हैं, परंतु कराते नहीं हैं तथा दान देते हैं, किंतु स्वयं लेते नहीं हैं। मेरे राज्यके क्षत्रिय याचना नहीं करते; स्वयं ही याचकोंको मुहमाँगी वस्तुएँ देते हैं। सत्यभाषी तथा धर्मसम्पादनमें कुशल हैं। वे ब्राह्मणोंकी रक्षा करते हैं और युद्धमें कभी पीठ नहीं दिखाते हैं तो भी तुम मेरे शरीरके भीतर कैसे प्रविष्ट हो गये?

na yācante prayacchanti satyadharmaviśāradāḥ | nādhyāpayanty adhīyante yajante yājayanti na |

قال بيشما: «إنهم لا يستعطون، بل يعطون—حُذّاق في الصدق وفي إقامة الدارما. لا يعلّمون الفيدا، لكنهم يدرسونها؛ يقيمون اليَجْنَا، لكنهم لا يتولّون الكهانة لغيرهم. في مملكتي يثبت الكشاتريا على واجباتهم الموافقة لطبقتهم: يهبون العطايا ولا يقبلونها، ومن غير سؤال يمنحون السائلين ما يشتهون. يحمون البراهمة ولا يولّون الأدبار في القتال قط. ومع ذلك—كيف دخلتَ إلى داخل جسدي؟»

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
याचन्तेthey beg/ask
याचन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootयाच्
FormLat, present, Atmanepada, 3, plural
प्रयच्छन्तिthey give/grant
प्रयच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formप्र, Lat, present, Parasmaipada, 3, plural
सत्यधर्मविशारदाःskilled in truth and dharma
सत्यधर्मविशारदाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यधर्मविशारद
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अध्यापयन्तिthey teach (cause to study)
अध्यापयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअध्यापय्
FormLat, present, Parasmaipada, 3, plural
अधीयन्तेthey study/recite
अधीयन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ
FormLat, present, Atmanepada, 3, plural
यजन्तेthey sacrifice/perform yajña
यजन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormLat, present, Atmanepada, 3, plural
याजयन्तिthey officiate/perform (yajña) for others; cause to sacrifice
याजयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootयाजय्
FormLat, present, Parasmaipada, 3, plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kṣatriyas
V
Veda
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
B
brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

The verse outlines varṇa-appropriate conduct for kṣatriyas: they uphold truth and dharma, study the Veda without taking up the brāhmaṇa’s role of teaching, perform sacrifices without acting as priests for others, give generously without begging or accepting gifts, protect brāhmaṇas, and show courage in battle. Ethical kingship is framed as disciplined role-based duty and public-spirited generosity.

Bhīṣma speaks while reflecting on the moral strength of his realm’s kṣatriyas. He lists their virtues and proper conduct, then expresses astonishment that despite such protection and righteousness, some harmful presence or affliction has nevertheless entered his own body—posing a rhetorical challenge that sets up further explanation in the surrounding passage.