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Shloka 59

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

(राजा प्रजानां प्रथमं शरीरं प्रजाश्न राज्ञोडप्रतिमं शरीरम्‌ । राज्ञा विहीना न भवन्ति देशा देशैविहीना न नूपा भवन्ति ।।) राजा प्रजाओंका प्रथम अथवा प्रधान शरीर है। प्रजा भी राजाका अनुपम शरीर है। राजाके बिना देश और वहाँके निवासी नहीं रह सकते और देशों तथा देशवासियोंके बिना राजा भी नहीं रह सकते हैं ।। राजा प्रजानां हृदयं गरीयो गति: प्रतिष्ठा सुखमुत्तमं च । समाश्रिता लोकमिमं परं च जयन्ति सम्यक्‌ पुरुषा नरेन्द्र,राजा प्रजाका गुरुतर हृदय, गति, प्रतिष्ठा और उत्तम सुख है। नरेन्द्र! राजाका आश्रय लेनेवाले मनुष्य इस लोक और परलोकपर भी पूर्णतः विजय पा लेते हैं

rājā prajānāṃ prathamaṃ śarīraṃ prajāś ca rājño 'pratimaṃ śarīram | rājñā vihīnā na bhavanti deśā deśair vihīnā na nṛpā bhavanti || rājā prajānāṃ hṛdayaṃ garīyo gatiḥ pratiṣṭhā sukham uttamaṃ ca | samāśritā lokam imaṃ paraṃ ca jayanti samyak puruṣā narendra ||

قالت فَسومانَا: «الملك هو الجسد الأول—بل الجسد الرئيس—للرعية، والرعية هي الجسد الذي لا نظير له للملك. من غير ملك لا يثبت الإقليم ولا أهله، ومن غير الأقاليم وأهلها لا يثبت الملك أيضًا. والملك هو أثقل قلبٍ للرعية: مسارهم، وموضع رسوخهم، وخير سعادتهم. يا سيد الناس، إن من يلجأ إلى ملكٍ قائمٍ بالدharma ينل الظفر التام في هذا العالم وفي العالم الآخر».

राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects
प्रजानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
प्रथमम्first / foremost
प्रथमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अप्रतिमम्incomparable
अप्रतिमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रतिम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राज्ञाby/with the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विहीनाःdevoid (of)
विहीनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवन्तिare / become
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
देशाःcountries/realms
देशाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देशैःby/with countries (realms)
देशैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदेश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विहीनाःdevoid (of)
विहीनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नृपाःkings
नृपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भवन्तिare / become
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects
प्रजानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
हृदयम्heart
हृदयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहृदय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गरीयःweightier / more important
गरीयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगरियस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Comparative
गतिःrefuge / course / way
गतिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिष्ठाsupport / stability
प्रतिष्ठा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमम्best / highest
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समाश्रिताःhaving taken refuge in / resorting to
समाश्रिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-श्रि
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकम्world
लोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इमम्this
इमम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परम्other / next (world)
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जयन्तिconquer / win
जयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सम्यक्properly / completely
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
पुरुषाःmen / persons
पुरुषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरेन्द्रO lord of men (king)
नरेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वसुमना उवाच

वसुमना (Vasumanā)
राजा (the king)
प्रजा (the subjects/people)
देश (the realm/country)
नरेन्द्र (addressed king)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the interdependence of ruler and ruled: the king and the people form a single organic whole. A stable realm requires righteous kingship, and kingship has meaning only through the protection and welfare of the people; taking refuge in such kingship leads to well-being in both this life and the next.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on राजधर्म (the duties of kings), Vasumanā addresses a king (narendra) and articulates a political-ethical principle: the king is the vital center of the polity, yet he is sustained by the realm and its people, emphasizing reciprocal responsibility and the king’s role as the people’s support and refuge.