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Shloka 141

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

इतिहासाश्ष वेदाश्न न्याय: कृत्स्नश्न वर्णित: । तपो ज्ञानमहिंसा च सत्यासत्येन य: पर:,इतिहास, वेद, न्याय--इन सबका उसमें पूरा-पूरा वर्णन है। तप, ज्ञान, अहिंसाका तथा जो सत्य, असत्यसे परे है उसका और वृद्धजनोंकी सेवा, दान, शौच, उत्थान तथा समस्त प्राणियोंपर दया आदि सभी विषयोंका उस ग्रन्थमें वर्णन है

itihāsāś ca vedāś ca nyāyaḥ kṛtsnaś ca varṇitaḥ | tapo jñānam ahiṃsā ca satyāsatyena yaḥ paraḥ ||

قال بيشما: «في ذلك المصنَّف وُصِفَت الإتيهاسا (Itihāsa) والڤيدا (Veda) وصفًا تامًّا، وكذلك عِلمُ النيايا (Nyāya) في جملته. وفيه أيضًا بيانُ الزهدِ والرياضة (tapas)، والمعرفةِ الحقّة، واللاعنف (ahiṃsā)، وذاك المبدأُ الأعلى الذي يتجاوزُ الحقَّ والباطلَ معًا.»

इतिहासाःhistories/itihasas
इतिहासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वेदाःVedas
वेदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
न्यायःlogic/jurisprudence (nyaya)
न्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootन्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्स्नःentire/complete
कृत्स्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्स्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वर्णितःis described/has been described
वर्णितः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवर्णित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्यासत्येनby/with truth-and-untruth
सत्यासत्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यासत्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
यःwho/which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परःbeyond/superior (to)
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma praises a comprehensive dharma-teaching text as encompassing scriptural revelation (Veda), traditional authoritative narrative (Itihāsa), and rational inquiry (Nyāya), while also grounding conduct in tapas, jñāna, and ahiṃsā, and pointing to a highest reality that transcends ordinary dualities like truth and falsehood.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira by describing the scope of a revered compendium of dharma and wisdom, emphasizing that it contains both doctrinal sources and ethical disciplines.