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Shloka 1306

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

को हेतुर्यद्‌ वशे तिछेललोको दैवादृते गुणात्‌ । राजेन्द्र! चित्त और क्रियाद्वारा समभाव रखनेवाले राजाका किया हुआ शुभ कर्म प्रजाके भलेके लिये ही होता है। उसके दैवी गुणके सिवा और क्‍या कारण हो सकता है, जिससे सारा देश उस एक ही व्यक्तिके अधीन रहे?

ko hetur yad vaśe tiṣṭhel loko daivād ṛte guṇāt | rājendra! citta-kriyābhyāṁ samabhāvaṁ rakṣamāṇasya rājñaḥ kṛtaṁ śubha-karma prajā-hitaṃ bhavati | tasya daivī-guṇād ṛte anyaḥ ko hetuḥ, yena sarvo deśaḥ tasyaikasyādhīno bhavet?

قال بيشما: «أيُّ سببٍ هناك—سوى الامتياز ذي الطابع الإلهي—يجعل الناس يثبتون تحت سلطان رجلٍ واحد؟ يا خيرَ الملوك، إن الأعمال المباركة التي يأتيها الحاكمُ الذي يحفظ اتزان النفس في الفكر والفعل إنما تُفعل لخير الرعية. فغيرَ فضائله الشبيهة بفضائل الآلهة، أيُّ علةٍ يمكن أن تجعل مملكةً بأسرها تُدار تحت شخصٍ واحد؟»

कःwho/what (which)
कः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हेतुःcause, reason
हेतुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वशेin (someone's) control, under sway
वशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तिष्ठेत्would stand/remain
तिष्ठेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (तिष्ठ)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लोकःpeople, world
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दैवात्from fate/divine dispensation
दैवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
ऋतेwithout, except
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
गुणात्from virtue/quality
गुणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
Rājendra (addressed king)
P
prajā (subjects/people)
D
deśa (realm/country)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy and effective authority rest on daivī-guṇa—godlike virtues expressed as equanimity in thought and action—and on using power for the subjects’ welfare; without such virtue, there is no sound reason for an entire realm to accept one person’s rule.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhishthira) and explains why people submit to a single ruler: not merely force or chance, but the ruler’s visible virtue and beneficent conduct aimed at public good.