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Shloka 10

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तप: । अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोध इज्या धर्मस्य लक्षणम्‌,“बिना दी हुई वस्तुको न लेना, दान, अध्ययन और तपमें तत्पर रहना, किसी भी प्राणीकी हिंसा न करना, सत्य बोलना, क्रोध त्याग देना और यज्ञ करना--ये सब धर्मके लक्षण हैं

adattasyānupādānaṁ dānam adhyayanaṁ tapaḥ | ahiṁsā satyam akrodha ijyā dharmasya lakṣaṇam ||

قال فياسا: «ألا يأخذ المرء ما لم يُعطَ له، وأن يتصدّق، ويُلازم الدراسة والزهد، ويمتنع عن إيذاء أي كائن حي، ويقول الحق، ويترك الغضب، ويقيم اليَجْنَة (القربان الطقسي)—فهذه هي العلامات التي يُعرَف بها الدارما.»

अदत्तस्यof what is not given
अदत्तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअदत्त (दत्त < √दा)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अनुपादानम्non-acceptance; not taking
अनुपादानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुपादान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दानम्giving; charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्ययनम्study (of scripture)
अध्ययनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्ययन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity; penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth; truthfulness
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अक्रोधःabsence of anger; non-wrath
अक्रोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इज्याworship; sacrifice
इज्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइज्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
लक्षणम्mark; characteristic
लक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

Dharma is identified through concrete disciplines: do not appropriate what is not given, practice generosity, cultivate learning and austerity, uphold non-violence and truth, restrain anger, and maintain reverent sacrificial worship. Together these form a practical ethical profile of righteous living.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa enumerates defining characteristics (lakṣaṇas) of dharma, presenting a concise list of virtues and practices meant to guide conduct after the devastation of war.