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Shloka 19

राजधर्मः, दण्डनीतिः, कर्तृत्व-विचारः च

Royal Duty, Lawful Discipline, and the Question of Agency

राजन्‌! कोई कहीं भी दैवके विधानका उल्लंघन नहीं कर सकता। अतः दण्ड अथवा शस्त्रद्वारा किया हुआ पाप किसी पुरुषको लागू नहीं हो सकता (क्योंकि वे दैवाधीन होकर ही दण्ड या शस्त्रद्वारा मारे गये हैं) ।। यदि वा मन्यसे राजन्‌ हतमेकं प्रतिछ्ठितम्‌ । एवमप्यशुभं कर्म न भूतं न भविष्यति

yadi vā manyase rājan hatam ekaṃ pratiṣṭhitam | evam apy aśubhaṃ karma na bhūtaṃ na bhaviṣyati ||

قال فياسا: «أيها الملك، لا أحد في أي مكان يستطيع مخالفة سنّة القدر. لذلك فإن الإثم الذي يقع بالعقوبة أو بالسلاح لا يُلصَق بإنسان. وإن كنتَ لا تزال تظنّ أن قتلَ نفسٍ واحدة يثبت ذنبًا شخصيًّا قائمًا، فحتى عندئذٍ لا يثبت بذلك فعلٌ شريرٌ حقًّا—لا بوصفه قد وقع، ولا بوصفه سيقع. إذ لا أحد يقدر أن يتجاوز مرسومَ القدر؛ فالذين يُصرَعون بالعقوبة أو بالسلاح إنما يسقطون تحت ما قُدِّر إلهيًّا، ومن ثم لا تُحمَّل تبعةُ الإثم كما تُحمَّل في فعلٍ متعمَّدٍ خارجٍ عن الشرع.»

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor/indeed (emphatic alternative)
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मन्यसेyou think/suppose
मन्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormLat, present, Atmanepada, 2, singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
हतम्killed/slain
हतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (हत)
Formpast passive participle (kta), neuter, accusative, singular
एकम्one (person/being)
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रतिष्ठितम्established/settled (as a fact)
प्रतिष्ठितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति-स्था (प्रतिष्ठित)
Formpast passive participle (kta), neuter, accusative, singular
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अशुभम्inauspicious/evil
अशुभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
Formneuter, accusative, singular
कर्मact/deed
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूतम्has been/occurred (in the past)
भूतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भूत)
Formpast active participle (kta/ktavatu sense) used adjectivally, neuter, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भविष्यतिwill be/will occur
भविष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormLrt, simple future, Parasmaipada, 3, singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
King (rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that when events unfold under daiva (destiny/ordained order), the moral imputation of ‘sin’ for killing by punishment or weapons is not straightforward; even if one insists a killing is ‘established’ as a fact, it does not automatically become an aśubha (evil) act in the sense of willful wrongdoing.

Vyāsa addresses a king, reasoning about the ethics of violence and punishment. He frames death in battle or by royal punishment as occurring under the larger ordinance of destiny, aiming to resolve the king’s doubt or remorse about culpability.